([1] ) (, , ), .
, () , , .
, .
( 璺) ( ), ( ):
1. .
2. .
3. .
, , , , ( ).
璺 n , :
- ;
- 璺 : U i = IR i;
- 璺 , 璺: U 1 + U 2+...+ U n = U;
- , 璺: R = R 1 + R 2++ R n;
- , 璺 , , :
P = P 1 + P 2 + P n = I 2 R 1 + I 2 R 2 + + I 2 R n = I 2(R 1 + R 2 + + R n)
P = P 1 + P 2 + P n = U 12 / R 1 + U 22 / R 2 +... + U n2 / R n.
璺 n , :
- U;
- ;
- , = 1 + 2+... + n;
- g = g 1 + g 2 + + g n 1 / R = 1 / R 1 + 1 / R 2 + + 1 / R n.3 璺 n [2];
- , , , : P = P 1 + P 2 + P n = U 2 / R 1 + U 2 / R 2 +... + U 2 / R n = U 2(1 / R 1 + 1 / R 2 +... + 1 / R n) = U 2 / R P = P 1 + P 2 + P n = I 12 R 1 + I 22 R 2 + + I n2 R n.
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, 璺 .
, R AB, R BC, R CA, , R , R B, R C, 璺 (Δ → Y):
(Y → Δ) R AB, R BC, R CA R , R B, R C:
, 璺, , , 璺.
1 [3]. . .
:
U = 240 ; R 1 = 10 ; R 2 = 20 ; R 3= 60 ; R 4= 9 ; R 5 = 30 ; R 6 = 4 ; R 7 = 2 .
.
:
:
璺 R AB R 4 R':
R' = R AB + R 4 = 6 + 9 = 15 .
R' 璺 R 5. :
:
R = R 6 + R CD + R 7 = 4 + 10 + 2 = 16 .
:
I = U / R = 240 / 16 = 15 .
D:
U CD = I R CD = 1510 = 150 .
R' R 5:
I 4 = U CD / R' = 150 / 15 = 10 A;
I 5 = U CD / R 5 = 150 / 30 = 10 A.
:
U AB = I 4 R AB = 106 = 60 .
R 1, R 2, R 3:
I 1 = U AB / R 1 = 60 / 10 = 6 A;
I 2 = U AB / R 2 = 60 / 20 = 3 A;
I 3 = U AB / R 3 = 60 / 60 = 1 A.
:
UI = Σ i=1..7 I i2 R.
UI = 24015 = 3600 ;
Σ i=1..7 I i2 R = I 12 R 1 + I 22 R 2 + I 32 R 3 + I 42 R 4 + I 52 R 5 + I 2 R 6 + I 2 R 7 = 6210 + 3220 + 1260 + 1029 + 5230 + 1524 + 1522 = 3600 .
, , .
2. . ӳ.
:
= 32 ; R 0= 1 ; R 1 = 10 ; R 2 = 15 O; R 3 = 25 O; R 4 = 12,5 ; R 5 = 25 O.
: R 1, R 2, R 3 :
:
:
(R B + R 5) I R5 (R C + R 4) I R4:
( )[4].
, I R4 = I I R5 = 2 0,8 = 1,2 A.
, ʳ BDCB I BC R 3 + I R5 R 5 I R4 R 4 = 0, :