| 1. x, y, z. : Ax, Bx OX; A, By OY; Az Bz OZ. | 
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| 2. : 1(x; y), 1(x; y); 2(x; z), 2 (x;z). 3. 1 1, 2 2. : [11] [22]. [11] 1. [22] 2 | 
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| 4. Y OY : Ay By, A3(y; z), B3 (y; z) | 
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4.2.
(. 4.1).
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| . 4.1. |
. 123 : [11] 1, [22] 2, [33] 3 (. 4.2).
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| . 4.2. : ; |
, .
, : , , .
h , 1 (. 4.3).
.
1. h1(A1B1) , [A1B1]=|AB|.
2. , h2[22]II Ox, [A3B3]IIOY.
3. β 2 1.
4. h1, h2.
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| . 4.3. h: ; |
f , 2 (. 4.4).
.
1. f2(A2B2) , [A2B2]=|AB|.
2. : [11]II Ox,[A3B3]IIOZ.
3. a 1 2.
4. f1, f2.
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| . 4.4. f: ; |
, 3 (. 4.5).
.
1. p3(A3B3) , [A3B3]=|AB|.
2. : [11]II y, [A2B2]IIOZ.
3. a β 3.
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|
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4. p2, p3.
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| . 4.5. p: ; |
, .
, 1 (. 4.6).
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| . 4.6. : ; |
.
1. m2(A1B1) , 1=1.
2. m2(22) .
3. 2 3, , [22] = [33] = ||.
, 2 (. 4.7).
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| . 4.7. : ; |
.
1. i2(2D2) , C2=D2.
2. i1(1D1) i3(3D3) .
3. 1 3, , [C1D1] = [C3D3] = |CD|.
, 3 (. 4.8).
 |
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| . 4.8. : ; |
.
1. k3(M3N3) , M3=N3.
2. k1(M1N1) k2(M2N2) .
3. 1 2, , [M2N2] = [M1N1] = |MN|.
