(), , DSM-III-R (1987) , , DSM-IV.
( ). , .
, , . / , . , , .
, . . , , - . , .
Freud', , " " ( " "). Freud , , " ", . 1924. Freud , " ". Reich (1933) " " . Reich , ; . Reich " ".
, , . Kernberg (1988) , , , , - . Deutsch (1944) . , , , . , . McWilliams (1994) , " " . , , , , , , , .
|
|
, "acting out" . , , / . McWilliams , , ( ). , , , , , . . Suffridge (1991) " () ". , " " , , . Reik (1941) acting out :
().
(" , ").
(" , , ").
(" , !").
. , , , -, , .
, , . Hammer' (1967), , . , , , - - .
, , . , . Rasmussen (1988). , , , " , ". , ". / , , , , .
, - , . , (), , , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , ( ), . . , , , .
|
|
, . . . . , , , , , , , , , .
, , . .
, , . . " , , ", . . , , . , , , - , .
, , , , , , , , , , , . " , , ", .
, , , , .
. . "" , . .
Favazza , . , . - , , , , . . , , " ", , .
|
|
" ". , , , . . 90- . , , .
, ; ; , ; ; ; , , .
, , , . , , . , "" , .
, . " ". , , , , , , , , - , , - .
, . , , " " arilee Strong (1999), , . " ", . , , , , . , . , - . , , , .
, , , , . , . .
|
|
, . , . , , . , , . , , , , , .
, , . , , , . , . . , . , . , . .
, . 1938 nninger . , , , , , .
1983 Pattison , , , , .
Favazza, Conterio (1989) , , , . .
, (, ). , ( ) .
, , , , , . , , . , . , , , .
"" . . , , , , , . . , , , , , .
. , . , : , , , , , ( , ).
, , , , . , , . "" , .
|
|
, , , , " ". . , . , .
, " ". "". , .
10-15 , , . , , , "" , , "" , , . Favazza (1996).
, , - .
1997 "- " , . , , , . , . " ", , .
. , .
, "" . , , , , " " . , , .
, . . , . , , , . , , , , .
, , . . , , .
, . . , , - , , .
, , , . , , , , . . . . .
. . , , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , .
. ( ) , , . 1995. . Morton (1997) , , .
Favazza, . 30 140 .
500 , 12% , . , 4% . , , , 25-30 , , 14- , , , 50 .
, , , . , , .
Putnam (1997) , , , .
Schwartz (1996) " " (pain-driven syndromes), , , , , .
, , . . , , .
50% . 62% 240 . , , 6 , . , () .
. - ; , , . . , , . 71% .
Putnam (1997) , , , .
Favazza (1988) (50-90% ); (50% ); (60-80% ) ( 90%).
-. , 25% , . , (). , , , .
Putnam (1997) , . , , , , . " ". . , . , . , , "". , , .
, (Joseph, 1982), , ", , ". , , , , , - , .
, , .
, "" . - , , . , , , . "" , . : , . , , .
"" - . ; , - . . , , . - . , .
. . , , , . . , , , , , , , , , , , - . , - , , , . , , , .
" Self- ". - Self- , , Self , . - . - , , , , , . , , , , . " ".
, . , . . , , , , . " ".
Hedges (2000) , , , . , , . , . Hedges , , , . , , , . , , , , , , - . " , , ", . , .
, . , , "eg-". , "" , , . eg- Isacower'a (1938). , eg -. , , . . , , . . . , , , , , . , , . , , , , " ". , - . . , . . . - , , - , . , , ; . , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , , . . , . - , . , . . , . .
, , , , . . , " ", - , , , , - - .
, . , Self' eg, "" . , . eg- , , . , , , .
, , . , , . . Almansi (1960). " ". , , , ( ). Almansi " ", 1960, , , . , . . , , "" " " .
Spitz (1957), Almansi. " " .
Hedges (2000), , , , . , , , , . , . , , .
, , , , , . , . , " , ". , , , 5-6 , , , . , : " , ". "" .
Kroll (1993) , , , .
, , , , .
, , , . , Self . Self'a ego. . Strong (1999) , , : , , .
Almansi,R. (1960) The Face-Breast Equation. Journal of APA, 8; 43-70.
Deutsch, H. (1944) The Psychology of Women: A Psychoanalytic Incorporation: 1. Girlhood. New York.Grune a Stratton.
Favazza, A., Conterio, K. (1988) The Plight of Chronic Self-Mutilators. Community Mental Health Journal 24, 22-30.
Female Habitual Self-Mutilatiors Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 78; 283-289.
Favazza, A., Conterio, K. (1989) Female Habitual Self-Mutilatiors Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 78; 283-289.
Favazza, A. (1996) Bodies Under Siege. Baltimore. John Hopkins University Press.
Joseph,B. (1982) Addiction to Near Death. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 63; 440-456.
Hammer, E. (1990) Reaching the Affect: Style in the Psychodynamic Therapies. New York. Jason Gronson.
Hedges,L. (2000) Terrifying Transferences. Aftershocks of Childhood Trauma. Northvale, New Jersey. Aronson.
Isacower,O. (1938) A Contribution to the Pathopsychology of Phenomena Associated with Falling Asleep. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 19: 331-345.
Kernberg, O. (1988) Clinical Dimensions of Masochism. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 36, 1005-10029.
nninger, K. (1938) Man Against Himself. New York. Harcourt.
Morton,A. (1997) Diana, Her True Story. New York. Simon, Schuster,133.
Putnam,F. (1997) Dissociation in Children and Adolescents. New York. Guilford Press.
Rasmussen, A. (1988) . no McWilliams, N. (1944) Psychoanalytic Diagnosis. New York. Guilford.
Reik, T. (1941) Masochism in Modern Man. New York. Farras, Straus.
Schwartz,M., Cohn,L. (Eds.) (1996) Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders. New York. Brunner|Mazel.
Spitz,R. (1957) No and Yes. New York. International Universities Press.
Strong, M. (1999) A Bright Red Scream. New York. Penguin Putnam.
Suffridge, D. (1991) Survivors of Child Maltreatment: Diagnostic Formulation and Therapeutic Process. Psychotherapy, 28, 67-75.
()
DSM-III-R " ". DSM-IV DSM-IV-TR , c " ". , / , . , Slater (2003) , "high", . Slater , " ". , , : . . .
DSM-III-R , , , :
;
;
( );
( ) , ;
.
- , , , " ", . , . , , . , .
Hazelwood et al. (1993) , , , , . , . . , , , .
Langevin et al. (1988) , . , , . , , . , . - , - / .
. , , Kovarsky et al. (1967) 2/5 . .
(Silver, 1993; Silk, 1997) , , .
Koenigsberg, Kernberg et al. (2000) . , , . , - . "" , . , , "", , , Self. , , .
, , . , . Self- ( ). " Self`, ", . , , , .
, Koenigsberg, Kernberg (2000) :
, , ;
superego, "" ;
superego, , : , , .
, , (Bion, 1987).
. , "", , . . . , , , .
- Lawrenc Hedges (2000).
, . , , - . - , , . . . . , , , , , , . . , , " ". " , , - . , ( ). , , , ".
: " , , . , , , . , , , " , , - . , , - , - , - , - . !".
Hedges , . , - , Hedges : ", . , , - . - , . , " , , , , , -".
Arbolita-Florer and Holley (1985) What is Mass Murder? Psychiatry The State of the Art. V.6 T Pichet, P. Berner, R. Wolf, U. Thaw (Eds.) New York. Plenum Press.
Bion, W. (1987) On Arrogance. In Second Thoughts: Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis. New York. Basic Books. 86-92.
Hazelwood,R. et al.(1993) Compliant Victims of the Sexual Sadist. Australian Family Psysician 22 (4), 474-479.
Hedges, L. (2000) Terrifying Transferences Northvale, NJ. Jason Aronson. 323-325.
Koengigsberg,H., Kernberg,O., Stone,M. (2000) Borderline Patients. New York. Basic Books.
Kovarsky, A., et al. (1967) Male Sexual Deviation: Association with Early Temporal Lobe Damage. Archives General Psychiatry 17, 735-743.
Langevin, R., Bain, J. et al. (1988) Sexual Sadism in Brain, Blood and Behavior. In R. Prentky, V.Avinsey (Eds.)Human Sexual Aggression: Current Perspectives. New York. The New York Academy of Sciences. 163-171.
Salter, A. (2003) Predators. New York. Basic Books.
Siever, L. (1993) The Serotonin System and Aggressive Personality Disorder. International Clinic of Psychopharmacology 2 (November 8 Supplement). 33-39.
Silk, K. (1997) Notes on the Biology of Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally ILL 8, 15-17.