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- , .

, .

, , . , , , , , , .., - , , , . - .

, , :

- , , ;

- ;

- , , ( ) ( ). , , . , , .. , , , ..

() . . /.

298 , 1 ( ), ( ) . , ( 298 ) . , , , , 298 ( ), . , . , ( ())= -365,4 / , , , , , 1 298 3 .

, = -365,4

( ())= -365,4 /.

, =0 /. , . ,

, =?,

, , , , , - ; , , , , , ,

H- , H(Bi), H(Aj) (Bj) (Ai) .

 

, S : []/ [ ]∙[]

. . () , .

, . . , , . , , , .

, , , , . .

,

ΔS - , ΔH , .

 

- () ΔG. ΔG .

 

.

H, U, T, S, p, V , , , , , . G - . , , , , , .

 

, ΔG<0, . , . ΔG>0, .

 

(ΔG) , . , . , . , 298, (1.0133 105), ( ) . .

 

.

 

 

,

, , , , .

, . , , , . , , :

1. , ,

2. < -40 , , . > 40 , .

1. ΔH0, ΔS0, ΔG0

2NO()+O3()+H2O()=2HNO3()

?

 

:

 

, , ,
NO() O3() H2O() 2HNO3() 89.86 142.3 -285.84 -173.23 210.2 237.6 69.94 155.61 90.37 163.43 -237.2 -79.92

 

=

=

= =

=

=

: = =

< 0. , .

< -40 . , .

2. (IV) ( (SO2 ()), ), 80 897,5 .

:

(VI)

S () + O2 () = SO2 ()

32 /. (SO2 ()) , 32 .

32 S () -----------

= -359

80 S () ----------- -897,5

, (SO2) = -359 /.

 

71. : Na2, Na22, Na2; , .

72. :

2Fe(K) + 123() = 21() + Fe23(K);

Fe23(K) + 21() = 2Fe(K) + 123();

3V25(K) + 101() = 6V(K) + 5123()?

73. 162 , , 9600C, = 10.475 .

74. (C6H5Br) 429.8 241.0 /. 3.75 .

75. NiF2(K), NiCl2(K), NiJ2(K) , .

76. (ΔG0 298)x.p. :

23() + 3Mg(K) = 3MgO(K) + 2();

2() + 2Mg(K) = 2MgO(K) + ().

77. (ΔG)X.P :

MgO(K) + 2() = Mg(OH)2 (K)

.

78. ΔG0f, 298, :

2Ag(K)+Sn2+(p) = 2Ag+(p) + Sn(K).

79. -

Fe3C(K) + 2() = 3Fe(K) + () + 2().

80. , Zr(K) :

ZrJ4(K) + 2Mg(K) = 2MgJ2(K) + Zr(K).

81. :

21() + 62() = 21()3() + 32()?

.

82. (H2())?:

. CaO(); ZnO();

. SnO2(); NiO();

. Al2O3(); Cr2O3()

83. (ΔG0f,298) : CaF2, CaO, 2, Ca3N2.

84. , , Δ0, ΔS ΔG0 :

23() + 3() = 32() + 2();

3() + 3Mg(K) = 3MgO(K) + ().

85. 300 3.84 /. (/), 1083.

86. - :

3Fe(K) + 4C2() = Fe34(K) + 4().

87. (ΔG0f,298), , :

2H2S() + 2() = 22() + 2S(K);

2H2S() + 32() = 22() + 2S2().

88. (H2O2()) ?

89. (H2S) (IV)?

90. 123() + 32() = 21()3()?





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