if (),
when (),
after (),
before ( , ),
as soon as ( ),
unless ( ),
until ( , ),
, , :
If you help me ( . ), I shall do this work on time ( .). , .
As soon as I am free, I'll come to you. , .
We shall not begin until you come. , .
14.3. .
1. (go) out when the weather (get) warmer. 2. I (wait) for you until you (come) back from school. 3. I'm afraid the train (start) before we (come) to the station. 4. We (go) to the country tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine. 5. We (not pass) the examination next year if we not (work) much harder. 6. If you {not drive) more carefully you (have) an accident. 7. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi. 8.1 (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed. 9. You must (send) us a telegram as soon as you (arrive). 10. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 11. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 12. We (not to have) dinner until you (come). 13. I'm sure they (write) to us when they (know) our new address.
14.4. .
MASS MEDIA
Mass media (that is the press, the radio and television) play an important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the events and sometimes make them change their views.
Millions of people watch TV and read newspapers in their spare time. People listen to the radio while driving
a car. On the radio one can hear music, plays, news and various discussions of current events. Lots of radio or TV games and films attract large audience.
Newspapers give more detailed reviews of political life, culture and sports. Basically they are read by the people who are subscribers and those who are interested in politics.
There is a lot of advertising in mass media. Many TV channels, radio stations and newspapers are owned by different corporations. The owners can advertise whatever they choose.
But we cannot say that mass media do not try to raise the cultural level of people or to develop their tastes. Mass media bring to millions of homes not only entertaiment and news but also cultural and educational programs.
There is a great number of TV channels, cable TV, satellite TV and lots of radio stations and newspapers now. Words
mass media
society
to entertain
to influence
events
view
spare time
current events .
audience
detailed review
subscribers
advertising
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to own
satellite
Questions:
1) What is mass media?
2) How does mass media influence people?
3) What is the difference between radio and TV programmes?
4) Does the audience of TV and radio differ?
5) Do you think that advertising is useful?
.
, ;, - :
The boy playing in the yard is my brother. , (?) .
I (Participle I)
I ( ), -ing, : ( ) asking, ( ) having asked, () being asked, () having been asked.
I : 1. :
The man sitting at the table is our teacher. , .
The houses being built in our town are not very high. , , . 2. :
Going home I met an old friend. , .
Having finished work I went home. , .
II (Participlell)
II ( ) . -ed .
II :
1. .
The book translated from English is very interesting. , , .
2. ( ): Given the task he began to work.
.
I
, .
, :
Smoking is harmful. (?) .
, , .
:
1. : Reading is useful. .
2. to finish, to start, to continue, to go on, to keep .
He started reading the book.
3. : / am fond of reading.
4. : Do you mind my reading here? ?
5. : After reading he closed the book. .
6. : Instead of reading he went to the movies. .
: giving, beating . . : being given, being beaten . .
14.5. , , :
1. The soil in the flower-pot is very dry, it needs (water). 2. You don't need (put on) your coat because it's very warm outside. 3. My flat wants (repair). 4. Famous actors needn't (introduce) themselves. 5. The blackboard is dirty, it needs (wipe). 6.. The shoes need (polish). 7. Your shirt has a hole, it wants (mend). 8. You room needs (tidy). 9. The room needed (clean). 10. (learn) foreign languages is very useful. 11. My hair wants (cut) but I never have time to do it 12. Students need (cheer up) before their exams.
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:
1. ;
2. . , .
: (
).
) :
If the weather tefine he will go to the country. , .
If I learn his address I shall write to him. , .
) :
If the weather was fine he went to the country. , .
: ( )
, , .
:
) :
If I knew his address I would write to him. (), ( ).
If the weather were fine he would go to the country.
() , .
Past Indefinite, Future in the Past.
) :
If the weather had been fine yesterday he would have gone to the country.
, .
, , , , Future Perfect in the Past, Past Perfect.
If I had known his address I would have written to him. ( ), ( ).
J wish I lived not far from here, ( ). , .
/ wish I had lived not far from here ( ). , .
15.1. :
1. If I came later I would be late for the lesson. 2. If he had known the time-table he wouldn't have missed the train. 3. It would be better if you learned the oral topics. 3. I wish I had known this before the examination. 4. I
would have come to you if you had not lived so far away. 5. If I had seen you yesterday I would have given you my text-book. 6, If I were in your place I wouldn't buy the tickets beforehand. 7. If I had known that you needed help I would have helped you.
15.2. .
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
Computer is a device for processing information. Computer has no intelligence by itself and is called hardware. A computer system is a combination of four elements:
Hardware
Software
Procedures
Data/information.
Software are the programmes that tell the hardware how to perform a task. Without software instructions^ " the hardware doesn't know what to do.
The basic job of the computer is the processing1 of information. Computers take information in the form of instructions called programs and symbols called data. After that they perform various" mathematical and logical operations, and then give the results (information). Computer is used to convert data into information. Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.
Working vocabulary:
device intelligence hardware software
processing
procedures ,
perform
manner ,
various
purpose
to convert
data
to store
digital
General understanding ( ):
1) What does the term computer describe?
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2) Is computer intelligent?
3) What are four components of computer system?
4) What is software?
5) What's the difference between the hardware and software?
6) In what way terms data and information differ?
7) How does computer convert data into information?
15.3. ?
computer, diskette, metal, processor, scanner, information, data, microphone, printer, modem, Internet.
15.4. /? , .
1) Computer is made of electronic components so it is referred to as electronic device.
2) Computer has.no intelligence until software is loaded.
3) There are four elements of computer system: hardware, software, diskettes and data.
4) Without software instructions hardware doesn't know what to do.
5) The software is the most important component because it is made by people.
6) The user inputs data into computer to get information as an output.
15.5. :
1) Information in the form of instruction is called a...
2) The basic job of the computer is the...
a) program
b) processing of information
15.6. . , .
WHAT IS HARDWARE?
Webster's dictionary gives us the following definition of the hardware the devices composing a computer system.
Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:
1) input hardware
2) processing hardware
3) storage hardware
4) output hardware.
Input hardware
Input hardware collects data and converts them into a form_suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand-held device connected to the computer by a small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the desktop, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to give a command to the computer.
Another type of input hardware is optic-electronic scanner. Microphone and video camera can be also used to input data into the computer.
Processing hardware
Processing hardware directs the execution of software instructions in the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the central processing unit and main memory.
The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing.
Memory is the component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.
RAM (random access memory) is the memory, used for creating, loading and running programs
ROM (read only memory) is computer memory used to hold programmed instructions to the system.
The more memory you have in your computer, the more operations you can perform.
Storage hardware
The purpose of storage hardware is to store computer instructions and data and retrieve when needed for processing. Storage hardware stores data as electromagnetic signals. The most common ways of storing data are Hard disk, floppy disk and CD-ROM.
Hard disk is a rigid disk coated with magnetic material, for storing programs and relatively large amounts of data.
Floppy disk (diskette) a thin, usually flexible plastic disk coated-with magnetic material, for storing temporary computer data and programs. There are two formats for floppy disks: 5.25' and 3.5'.
3.5' disks are formatted 1.4 megabytes and are widely used.
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CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) is a compact disc on which a large amount of digitized data can be stored. CD-ROMs are very popular now because of the growing speed which CD-ROM drives can provide nowadays. ^
Output hardware
The purpose of output hardware is to provide the user with the means to view information produced by the computer system. Information is in either hardcopy or softcopy form. Hardcopy output can be held in your hand, such as paper with text (word or numbers) or graphics printed on it. Softcopy output is displayed on a monitor.
Monitor is a display screen for viewing computer data, television programs, etc. Printer is a computer output device that produces a paper copy of data or graphics.
Modem is an example of communication hardware
an electronic device that makes possible the transmission of data to or from computer via telephone or other 1 communication lines.
Hardware comes in many configurations, depending on what you are going to do on your computer.
Working vocabulary ( , ):
input hardware
to convert
suitable ,
mouse
to roll ,
to reach
keyboard
cursor
processing hardware
execution
to direct
central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor
brain
to interpret ,
RAM ( )
ROM ( )
storage hardware -
to retrieve
hard disk ,
CD-ROM - (CD)
