6.2. қ: қ ә ң , қ ң ғ ө үң ұң ө қ.
6.3. қ :
- ә ұқ ғғ қ ң ;
- ң ә ү;
- ң ү;
- қ ң ғ ө үң ұң ө ү.
6.4. қң ұқ:
6.4.1. қ , қ, ң..
*6.4.2. (, ),
Gametogenesis (oogenesis, spermatogenesis), characteristic of phases
(, ),
6.4.3. ғң ө өң .
6.4.4. қ ң .
6.4.5. ә ң қ ә қ ң.
* ғ ә ү
6.5. қң ә: қң қ ң ү қғ ғ ұ, қ, қ ұғ ұ ә , , , ү , ұ ; , ү, ; қ ө
6.6. Ә:
:
6.6.1. . .. .. .: , 2006. .25-28.
6.6.2. .. . .: , 2003. . 168-175.
6.6.3. . . . .. , 2004. .53-77.
6.6.4. қ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ (ә ғ). : , 2009. . 69-79.
6.6.5. .., .. . ., 2003. . 405-412.
6.6.6.Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ қ ң -ққ ө : , 2012. 112 .
Қ:
6.6.7. .. ә қ ң қ . ,
2006. . 78-95.
6.6.8. . . .. 2- . .: , 2004. .1. .192-206
6.6.9. .. . : .. -, 2007. .118.
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6.6.10. : ./ . , . -
, . : . . .. ; .. ...
.: -, 2010. .26-27.
6.6.11. . ., . . ., 2006. . 126-129,139-144.
6.6.12. .., .. . ., 2003. 85-97.
қ
6.7.1. () құ ғ:
6.7.1.1.қ ұқ ұ.
6.7.1.2. қ 10 ұқ 3 ұқ.
6.7.1.3. қ ә ғ ә
6.7.2. ә ғ құ ғ:
6.7.2.1. қ ә қ ң өң ө ү.
6.7.2.2. ұ ғ қ ң өң.
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6.7.2.3. ә ң қ:
- ң;
- ә ғ ң ;
- ғ (n , Қ ).
6.7.2.4. ғ:
- қ ғғ ұқ ү, қ ү?
- қ ғғ қ ү, қ ү?
6.7.3. қ ұқ:
6.7.3.1. қ ң ұ ә .
6.7.3.2. қ ң ұң қ .
Ү ү ө:
| Ққ | ғ | |
| - ң ғ қ өң ғ ң | - | Interphase the stage of the life cycle of a cell between to sequential mitotic divisions |
| ң (G1)-ң ү ң ө ү, қ құң,Қ ү қң ү ң | ң (G1)-ң ү ң ө ү, қ құң,Қ ү қң ү ң | Pre-synthetic period (G1) the period of interphase during which a cell actively grows, new cytoplasmic structures are formed, and active synthesis of proteins and various RNAs occurs. |
| ң (S)- Қ . ә Қ ң ә ұ ң | (S) , . , . | Synthetic period (S) the period of interphase during which synthesis of DNA takes place. As a result of replication of DNA each chromosome becomes double-chromatid. |
| ң (G2)- ң ө қ ң: қң , қ қ ө қ құ қ қ ө ұғң үң ү ү ң | (G2)- , : , , , | Post-synthetic period (G2) the period of interphase during which preparation for division occurs: active synthesis of proteins, accumulation of energy, formation of structures participating in divisions, including threads of mitotic spindle microtubules. |
| - ә қ ө ғ ң. ғ ғ | - . , . | Interkinesis the period between the first and second meiotic divisions. In contrast to interphase, DNA is not replicated in interkinesis, i.e. chromosomal material is not doubled. |
| - ң ө ң өң ү ң ө | - , | Karyokinesis division of the cellular nucleus which occurs during cell division before division of the cytoplasm. |
| - қ ң ө | - . | Cytokinesis division of a cell into two daughter cells during telophase of mitosis or meiosis. |
| ң ү ә ң ө ә | , | Meiosis type of division of sex cells resulting in formation mature haploid gamets |
| (. ө μείωσις ) қ ө - ң ң ң ө | ( .-. μείωσις ) ́ ́ | Meiosis I(from Greekμείωσις for reduction) reduction division of cell division of the nucleus with two times reduction of the number of chromosomes. |
| (. ө aequatio ң) қ ө- -ң ү (ғ)ң ө | ( . aequatio ) - , ( ). | Meiosis II(from Latinaequatio equation) second meiotic division when separation of chromatids (like in mitosis) occurs. |
| ң | Haploidy reducing by half of number of chromosomes | |
| ң ү | Gametogenesis process of formation and development of sex cells | |
| ғң ө қ | - , | Gamete mature, specialized cell taking part in sexual reproduction of organisms |
| қ ң (ұқң) ү ү | () | ogenesis - process of forming mature female sex cells (eggs) |
| - қ ң (ң) ү ү | - () | Spermatogenesis - process of forming mature male sex cells (spermatosoids) |
| - ң қң ә - ң үң | I | Recombination of genes origin of new combination of parent genes resulting from crossingover of chromosomes during meiosis I |
Құ: ғ қ. Қ..
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11 ә қ
