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қ: қ ә қ




6.2. қ: қ, қ ң ә ң ұқ қ ң ғ қ, қ ң ө қ.

6.3. қ :

- қ ң қ ү;

- қ ң қ ү;

- қ ң қ ү;

- ққ ң қ ү;

- қ, қ ң ұқ қ ң ғ ө қ ү.

6.4. қң ұқ:

6.4.1. қ , .

қ ң . . Classification of genomic mutations.

6.4.3. қ , .

6.4.4. қ ң .

6.4.5. қ, қ ң ң ұқ қ ң ғ ө.

* ғ ә ү

6.5. қң ә: ү қ ә( ұқ әң, , , ө).

6.6. Ә:

:

6.6.1. . . .. .: , 2006. . 164-173, 219-267.

6.6.2. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. ә қ (ә ғ). : , 2009. . 82-98.

6.6.3. .., .. . .,2003. . 78-82.

6.6.4. .. ә қ ң қ . , 2006. .141-153.

6.6.5. Қ .Қ., .., ұ Қ.. қ . .,2002.. 134-144.

6.6.6. Ққ .Ө.,Ә .. қ ә . , 2006. . 77-86.

6.6.7. қ ә . .Ө. Ққң . , 2004. . 114-126.

6.6.8. Ққ .Ө., ұ Ұ.Ә. қ - қ ң -ққ ө. : , 2012. 112 .

Қ:

6.6.9. : . / ., , -, . : . . . . ; . . . .- .: -, 2010.

қ

6.7.1. () құ ғ:

6.7.1.1.қң ұқ ұ.

6.7.1.2. қ 10 ұқ 3 ұқ

6.7.1.3. қ ә ғ ә

6.7.2. ә ғ құ ғ:

6.7.2.1. қ , үң.

6.7.2.2. қң:

 

қ ң қң
1. 46,XX,del(5p  
2. 46,XY,dup(ll)(ql2)  
3. 46,XY,inv(10)(pl3ql2  
4. 45,XX,rob (14q21q)  
5. 46,, (16)  
6. 46,, t(2;4)(q21;q21)  
7. 46,/47,,+21  

6.7.2.3. қ ә ң ә ү.

 

6.7.3. қ ұқ:

6.7.3.1. ң .

6.7.3.2. қ, қ ә , .

6.7.3.3. қ, қ ә ң .

Ү ү ө:

Ққ ғ
қ ғң ө , Genomic mutations mutations characterising by change of sets of chromosomes
- ұ ң қ ң қ ғ (2n+n, 2n+2n, 2n+3n ә .). (2n+n, 2n+2n,2n+3n ..). Polyploidy -increase in the whole sets of a diploid set of chromosomes (2n + n, 2n + 2n, 2n + 3n, etc.).
- ұ ң ғң (n) . Haploid (n) the presence of a single set of chromosomes in a karyotype
ұ қ ң ө Heteroploidy -a change in the number of certain individual chromosomes in the diploid set of chromosomes
(2n-2) ұ. ң ғ ұ ң . (2n-2) - . Nullisomy (2n-2) -a reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes by a whole pair of chromosomes.
(2n-1) ұ қң ғ . (2n-1) . Monosomy (2n-1) -a reduction of the diploid set of chromosomes by one chromosome.
(2n+1) ұ ң ұ ғ . (2n+1) - . Trisomy (2n + 1) -is an increase in the number of chromosomes by one chromosome in a pair.
ң құң ө Aberrations changes of structure of chromosomes
өң ң ң, ө ә ғ () қ ғ ң қ құ (), , () Translocation exchange of part of chromosomes between two or more chromosomes
i - i- ii өii . - . Reciprocal translocations- two non-homologous chromosomes mutually exchange sections.
i - i ii ң өii ғ ө өi ұ. - . Non-reciprocal translocation -one chromosome is added a fragment from another non-homologous chromosome.
қ - ң ү қ ү. - , . Robertsonian translocations due tobreaks near centromeric regions of chromosomes two fragments of different chromosomes are joined at their centromeres.
қ ң ө ң қ өң . - - , . Duplication doubling of a segment of a chromosome, which leads to an increase in the genetic material.
ң өң ү ү. - . Deletion mutations, characterized by loss of a small part of a chromosome.
ң өң ү ү. - . Deficiency- mutations, characterized by loss of an end part a chromosome.
ң өң ү, 1800 ұ қ ө ғ. - , 180 . Inversion a fragment of a chromosome is broken, inverted by 180 and inserted back into the chromosome in a wrong way.
қ - құң ө - , Chromosomal diseases diseases caused by changes of number structure of chromosomes

 

Құ: қ. Ә.Қ.Қ

 

 

14 - ә қ





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