: l , .
N R (N > R), . ( ), . , (N k) , (k). () (N k)l.
, , , . , , , . , .
Sk , , k. , , k = 0, 1, 2,..., N. Sk, , , (N k).
l , :
;
.
, , (y = l/m):
,
, k -o :
.
P 0 Pk, k = 0, 1, 2,..., N. :
- :
;
- , ( ):
;
- (), - :
;
- () :
;
- ():
;
- ():
;
- ( ):
.
5. (N -).
5.1. : ,
, , , , .
( ). , . , , , .
|
|
: #(x, B) x B, .. x B.
B, #(x, B) > 0. , #(x, B) = 0, B. Æ , ( : #(x, 0) = 0). , 0 £ #(x, B) £ 1, .
| B | B | B | = S x #(x, B).
A B, A B, , , .. A Í B , #(x, A) £ #(x, B) .
( = ), #(x, A) = #(x, B).
A B (A Ì B), A Í B A ¹ B. 4 :
- A È B: #(x, A È B) = max(#(x, A), #(x, B));
- A Ç B: #(x, A Ç B) = min(#(x, A), #(x, B));
- A + B: #(x, A + B) = #(x, A) + #(x, B);
- A B: #(x, A B) = #(x, A) #(x, B).
, , D. Dn , D n . , B Î Dn:
- x Î B Î D;
- #(x, B) £ n.
D ¥ D - .
4 C = (P, T, I, O), :
- P = { p 1, p 2,..., pn }, n ³ 0 P;
- T = { t 1, t 2,..., tm }, m ³ 0 T;
- I: T P ¥ ;
- O: T P ¥ .
. I tj I (tj), . O tj O (tj), . .
pi tj , pi Î I (tj); pi , pi Î O (tj).
. tj #(pi, I (tj)). , pi tj #(pi, O (tj)).
tj pi, pi tj (. 5.1). tj pi, pi tj (. 5.2).
. 5.1 | . 5.2 |
I O , #(tj, I (pi)) = #(pi, O (tj)); #(tj, O (pi)) = #(pi, I (tj)).
|
|
- G = (V, A),
V = { v 1, v 2,..., vs } ;
= { a 1, a 2,..., ar } ai = { vj, vk }, vj, vk Î V.
V P T (P Ç T = 0), ai = (vj, vk), vj Î P vk Î T, vj Î T vk Î P.
, .. . , .. : ( O) ( |).
. , pi tj, , tj. . . .
. : C = (P, T, I, O), n = 6, m = 5 (. 5.3).
. 5.3
P = { p 1, p 2, p 3, p 4, p 5, p 6} T = { t 1, t 2, t 3, t 4, t 5}
I (t 1) = { p 1} O (t 1) = { p 2, p 3}
I (t 2) = { p 3} O (t 2) = { p 3, p 5, p 5}
I (t 3) = { p 2, p 3} O (t 3) = { p 2, p 4}
I (t 4) = { p 4, p 5, p 5, p 5} O (t 4) = { p 4}
I (t 5) = { p 2} O (t 5) = { p 6}
:
I (p 1) = {} O (p 1) = { t 1}
I (p 2) = { t 1, t 3} O (p 2) = { t 3, t 5}
I (p 3) = { t 1, t 2} O (p 3) = { t 2, t 3}
I (p 4) = { t 3, t 4} O (p 4) = { t 4}
I (p 5) = { t 2, t 2} O (p 5) = { t 4, t 4, t 4}
I (p 6) = { t 5} O (p 6) = {}
. .
m . ( ). . . .
C = (P, T, I, O) m M = (P, T, I, O, m). , . () , , . , n , n , .. Nn. , , . 4 5 , , (. 5.4).
, .
: m = (12, 22, 8, 10), m¢ = (13, 22, 9, 10).
. 5.4 |