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(The Infinitive)




( ) , , , . ? ?: to read - , ; to write - , ; to buy - , ; to sell - , .

; to, , , - . . , to , .

, , , .

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  skate is pleasant. . To read is a great pleasure. () - .
  Your duty was to inform me about it immediately. . The duty of every student is to master at least one foreign language. - .
  , , (to begin, to continue, to end, to stop) , (to want, to decide, to intend) She began to translate the article. . She must translate this article today. . He began to translate this article. .
  I asked him to help me. . He had promised me to draw this map. .
  . expressed a desire to help me. . The device to be tested has been brought to our library. , ( ), .
  . , . : in order, so as - , I went to the station to see off friend. , . You must work much in order to master a foreign language. = In order to master a foreign language you must work much. , . He went there so as to help you. , .

 

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  I told him to post the letter. . I was asked to send this letter. .
  , I asked him to speak slowly. . He hoped to finish his work soon. .
  .   Active Passive
Indefinite to ask to be asked
Continuous to be asking
Perfect to have asked to have been asked
Perfect Continuous to have been asking

, Indefinite Infinitive Active Indefinite Infinitive Passive, : to ask - , to be asked - (). , . . . Continuous Infinitive - to be asking - . Perfect Infinitive to have asked, - . Perfect Continuous Infinitiveto have been asking , - , Perfect Infinitive Passive - to have been asked () - .

1. Indefinite Infinitive Active - to ask - . ( to). .

2. Continuous Infinitive Active to be Present Participle : to be asking.

3. Perfect Infinitive Active to have Past Participle : to have asked.

4. Perfect Continuous Infinitive Active Perfect Infinitive to be - to have been - Present Participle : to have been asking.

5. Indefinite Infinitive Passive to be Past Participle : to be asked.

6. Perfect Infinitive Passive Perfect Infinitive to be - to have been - Past Participle : to have been asked.

7. not : not to ask, not to be asked.

(ACTIVE INFINITIVE) (PASSIVE INFINITIVE)

 

, :

drive a car in a big city is very difficult. .

 

, , , , :

I intended to go there. .

 

(, to go, I.)

Ask him to come early. .

 

(, to come, him.)

, , , , Active:

 

has a great desire to invite you to the party. I want to inform him of her arrival. . .

 

, , , , Passive:

has a great desire to be invited to the party. I want to be informed of her arrival. , ( ). , ( ).

 

N. B. , . . - .

 

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  INDEFINITE INFINITIVE
  ( ), , () We want to learn. .
  ( ) We know aluminum to be one of the lightest metals. , .
  , , may, must, should, ought, to expect - , , to intend - , to hope - , to want - . You must leave tomorrow. . I intend to begin the experiment. .
  CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE
  , , I knew him to be writing an article. , .
  PERFECT INFINITIVE
  , , I know him to have written this article last night. , .
  to intend, to hope, to expect, to mean , , , I meant to have done it. .
  , . must may , , My watch must have stopped during the night. , , .
  should, would, could, might, ought was (were) , , . . . You might have asked me about it. ( - ).
  PERFECT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE
  , , , I know him to have been writing this article for 2 hours. , 2 .

 

N. B. Indefinite Infinitive Active , : 1) Present Past Indefinite: does not take English lessons. Does he take English lessons? 2) Future Indefinite Future Indefinite in the Past: I will do it. I said that I would do it.

 

TO

 

to: to speak , to buy , to read .

, and or, to :

 

I intend to call on him and discuss this question. I asked him to telephone to me on Monday or wire. . .

 

to , . . to wan, to wish, to mean , to try , , to allow , to be going , ought , to have , should (would) like .:

 

wants me to go there tonight but I dont want to (: go). I was asked to take part in the trip, but I am not going to (: take part). The boy wanted to go for a bathe but was not allowed to (: go). I didnt want to stay there, but I had to (: stay). , , . , . , . , .

 

TO
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  must, can (could), may (might) need You must do it at once. . can speak German. -. May I come in? ? Need he come here? ?
  to make , to let , to help ( ) made me read this book. . I let him go there. . Help me (to) do it. .
  t see , to watch , to hear , to feel m I saw her leave the room. , . I heard her sing. , . I felt him put his hand on my shoulder. , .
N. B. , . 2 3, , to was made to do it. . was seen to leave the house. , .
  had better , would rather, would sooner You had better go there at once. . I would rather not tell them about it. . said he would sooner stay at home. , .

 

 

, . , , , . . , , . :

 

The sellers offered the buyers 5,000 tons of gas oil, delivery to be made in October. The buyers requested the sellers to keep them informed of the position of the vessel, the communications to be addressed to their agents. 5000 , . , .

 

( , Complex Object, The Objective Infinitive Construction, The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction) . :

( ) +
We expect , him to do it in time. .

, .

Ż
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  : to hear , to see , to watch , , to feel , to observe , to notice . - . to I watched her approach. , . ( Indefinite Infinitive Active. , II: I saw the fire slowly conquered. , .)
  ., -: to know, to think , to consider, to believe, to suppose , , to expect , to imagine , to find , , to trust , to assume , . . . - . to be. He considers this question to be of great importance. .
  : to pronounce , , to declare , to report The surgeon pronounced the wound to be a slight one. , .
  , : to like , to dislike , to love , to hate, cannot bear , . . I hate you to talk in this way. , .
  , , : to order , to allow, to permit , to suffer , to have , to make, to have, to get, to force, to cause , , . - She suffered Mr. Smith to go her back into her room. , . She caused a telegram to be sent to him. , .

 

, Complex subject

was said to , was heard to , was known to , was seen to , was thought to , was found to , was reported to , was supposed to , was expected to , was believed to , was considered to , was announced to ,

 

He is said to know six languages. , .
He was said to know six languages. , .
He is said to have gone to London. , .
He was said to have gone to London. , .

 

( , Complex Subject, The Subjective Infinitive Construction, The Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction) , , . :

( ) ( )  
He , is known , to go to work to Siberia. .

- , : , .

 

Ż
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  Bob was heard to laugh heartily. , .
  , Philip was known to be a young man without money. , .
  to make - Little Bob was made to put on some warm clothes. .
  : to say, to report, to state - He is said to have gone to work to Siberia. , .
  to seem - (-), to happen (), to prove (, ), to be likely , to be unlikely - , to be sure, to be certain - (), to turn out () They are unlikely to come in time. - . The work proved to be useful. - . They seemed to have forgotten him. - , , .

 

FOR-TO-INFINITIVE

( for, the For-to-Infinitive Construction, for + () + ) for:

  FOR ( ) ( )
Here is the book for you to read.
, .

, - . , . : 1) , 2) , 3) .

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  ( it) It is shame for me to ask. - .
  The instruction is for the engineers to follow. , .
  He waited for her to speak. , .
  The best thing for you to do is to obey. , , - .
  He stepped aside for me to pass. , .
  He spoke loud enough for you to hear. , .




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