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(the Participle)




( ), . , . , , . . - , .

I (Participle I) II (Participle II).

(VOICE) PARTICIPLE I PARTICIPLE I PERFECT PARTICIPLE II
ACTIVE asking having asked asked
PASSIVE being asked having been asked

 

I (PARTICIPLE I)

I -ing : working , .

ING
/
  -e to take - taking
  - to see - seeing to be - being
  -ie y to lie - lying
  -y -ing to copy - copying
  , , -ing to sit - sitting to commit - committing
  , to differ - differing to limit - limiting
I
/
  ( ) ( ). . I growing trees Look at the trees growing in our garden. - , .
  . I , -() Reading an English book he wrote out many new words. , .
  I to be Continuous. They will be working at that time tomorrow. .
         

 

II (PARTICIPLE II)

II ( ) () , .. -ed : to solve - solved - solved (-, -).

II () 3- : to speak - spoke - spoken, to make - made - made, to go - went - gone.

II
/
  II ( ), (). , , . II -, -, -, -, - the solved problem, the problem solved the houses built the opened book the method used
  -, -, -, -, - Well-known all over the world the Russian book on electronics was also translated into English. , .
. when , while , When given the book read the article about environment protection. , .
  II to have Perfect He had translated the text before I came. , .

 

I (PARTICIPLE I PERFECT)

I I to have - having II : having translated , having done . not : not having translated , not having done .

I , , ; , . . .

Participle I Perfect :

1. Having lost the key, the boy couldn′t get into the house. , .

2. Having graduated from the University, he decided to go to the Far East. , .

I after on:

After leaving (= having left) school, John Reed went to Harvard University. (= ) .

(THE OBJECTIVE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION)

( I, II). ; , :

I see him losing his temper. , .

/
  She could feel her hands trembling. , .
  , I consider myself engaged to him. .
  , ; II I want it done quick. , .
  to have to get ( ); II I had my piano tuned. .

 

(THE SUBJECTIVE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION)

( I). ( ) . , : - , - . :

The horse was seen going down the hill. , .

(THE NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE PARTICIPIAL CONSTRUCTION)

( ). I, II:

The door of the room being open, we came in. , .

.

, , , , , . ( , ).

 

/
  This duty completed, he had a leave. , .
  It being now pretty late, we went home. , .
  Weather permitting, we′ll start tomorrow. , .
  Any moving object is able to do the work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity. , .

(THE GERUND)

.

  Active Passive
Indefinite Gerund giving being given
Perfect Gerund having given having been given

, , .

, , , , .

, , .

Reading is useful.

.

The boy likes playing chess.

.

I object to your translating this book.

, .

On seeing her mother the girl ran to meet her.

, .

He translated this article without consulting the dictionary.

, .





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