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FAQ

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:

1) ;

2) ;

3) .

1. () . , (. 4).

:

-er: worker, designer, driver, leader;

-or: inventor, translator, director, visitor;

-ion (-sion, -ation): action, division, discussion, deformation, examination;

-ment: development, management, equipment, achievement, treatment, statement;

-ance, -ence: resistance, distance, difference, existence, assistance, dependence;

- ness: darkness, hardness, greatness, usefulness;

-ity: reality, activity, ability, possibility, stability, difficulty, safety;

-ure: pressure, measure, future, culture, picture, pleasure;

-ry: chemistry, machinery, peasantry, slavery;

-ing: meeting, cutting, beginning, engineering;

-age: shortage, percentage, passage, usage, marriage;

-th: length, strength, depth, width.

:

-ic: atomic, metallic, specific, periodic poetic, metric, atmospheric, basic;

-al: physical, natural, experimental, mathematical, central, cultural, social;

-y: busy, dirty, noisy, sunny, rainy, windy;

-ful: powerful, successful, careful, truthful, helpful, wonderful, useful;

-less: useless, aimless, helpless, lifeless, homeless, motionless;

-able, -ible: valuable, changeable, measurable, possible, negligible;

-ant: distant, important, resistant, significant, ignorant, resistant;

-ent: different, dependent, efficient, absent, competent;

-ive: active, attractive, effective, inventive, collective, communicative;

-ous: various, famous, numerous, continuous, religious, monotonous;

-ary: stationary, elementary, secondary, planetary, ordinary, necessary.

:

-ate: translate, operate, rotate, indicate, communicate, activate;

-ise / -ize: organize, mechanize, realize, characterize, centralize, generalize;

-ify: electrify, simplify, intensify, specify, modify;

- en: widen, strengthen, shorten, lengthen, deepen.

:

en-: encourage, enlarge, enforce;

in-: input, inlay, incut, indraw;

im-: immigrate, implant, impart;

ir-: irradiate, irrigate, irritate;

de-: decompose, decode, demobilize;

dis-: disapprove, disbelieve, disappear;

over-: overcome, overheat, overlook, overhear;

re-: rebuild, rewrite, readjust, reconstruct;

mis-: miscount, misunderstand, misprint.

 

:

-ly: widely, suddenly, specially, rapidly;

-wards (- ward): backward, afterwards, homewards.

, , , :

usual un usual ;

write re write ;

conductor semi conductor .

, :

un-: unable, unfriendly, uncommon, unnecessary, unhappy;

in-: invisible, incomplete, independence, inaccuracy;

im-: impossible, immovable, imperfect, immoral, immaterial;

ir-: irregular, irresolute, irresponsible, irrational;

il-: illogical, illegal, illegible, illiteracy, illiberal;

dis-: disorder, disconnect, disappear, disclose;

non-: non-stop, non-effective, non-ferrous, non-governmental.

2. . (v.) (n.), , , (adj.) . .:

help (n.) to help (v.)

land (n.) to land (v.)

cause (n.) to cause (v.),

empty (adj.) to empty (v.) .

3. . :

newspaper (news + paper)

handbook (hand + book)

voltmeter (volt + meter)

whitewash (white + wash) .

. 153. , . .

 

1. He works as a teacher of chemistry at our school. 2. One of Mendeleyev's important works is his book "Principles of Chemistry". 3. On my return home I called my mother at once. 4. My friend will return from his business trip only next week. 5. The sun was shining in my face. 6. He faced many difficult problems while making the experiment. 7. Do you think the weather will change soon? 8. Changes in the barometric pressure predict the weather. 9. If you have no book, you can use mine. 10. This tool has many uses. 11. The lectures at our Institute last four hours. 12. After the last lecture the students had a meeting. 13. Artificial satellites travel round the Earth like planets. 14. Space travel willhelp us to learn much more about the planets than we know now. 15. The investigations of the problem showed that his approach to it was misleading. 16. They approach this problem from many sides. 17. It took a long time for scientists to realize the importance of his discovery. 18. Five times nine equals forty five. 19. The main concern of an engineer is the rate at which work is being done. 20. The articles concern the contribution of the Russian mathematicians to the theory of probability. 21. One of the most recent results was the creation of a new discipline, mathematical logic. 22. Such a process results in changes in the end product.

. 154. .

 

1) comfortable uncomfortable

official unofficial

pleasant unpleasant

natural unnatural

limited unlimited

known unknown

expected unexpected

to lock to unlock

to pack to unpack

to button ( ) to unbutton

 

2) different indifferent

ability inability

comparable incomparable

experienced inexperienced

justice injustice

logical illogical

responsible irresponsible

mobile immobile

probable improbable

 

3) to believe to disbelieve

to approve to disapprove

to trust to distrust

to organize to disorganize

to connect to disconnect

to continue to discontinue

to cover to discover

order disorder

honest dishonest

 

4) essential non-essential

European non-European

existent non-existent

smoker non-smoker

. 155. .

 

1) to sell to re-sell

to open to reopen

to consider to reconsider

to write to re-write

to export to re-export

to introduce to re-introduce

 

2) to pronounce to mispronounce

to understand to misunderstand

to quote to misquote

to calculate to miscalculate

to behave to misbehave

 

3) rich to enrich

slave to enslave

 

4) to feed to overfeed

to load to overload

to value to overvalue

to charge to overcharge

 

5) to feed to underfeed

to value to undervalue

to charge to undercharge

 

6) historic prehistoric

capitalist pre-capitalist

 

7) devaluation post-devaluation

revolutionary post-revolutionary

 

8) imperialist anti-imperialist

cyclone anticyclone

 

9) action counter-action

offer counter-offer

revolution counter-revolution

agent counter-agent

10) education co-education

existence co-existence

 

11) action interaction

session , inter-session (period)

town , inter-town

 

12) minister ex-minister

director ex-director

 

13) marine submarine

division subdivision

conscious subconscious

 

14) profit superprofit

abundant superabundant

natural supernatural

 

15) microscopic ultra-microscopic

violet ultra-violet

 

16) finished semi-finished

conductor semi-conductor

tone semi-tone

annual semi-annual

final , semi-final

. 156. .

 

1) to write writer

to work worker

to read reader

to sell seller

to invent inventor

to inspect inspector

to translate translator

to elect elector

to fight fighter

northern northerner

debt debtor

2) to lease leasee

to pay payee

to trust trustee

to employ employee

. 157. .

1) to break breakage

to leak leakage

acre acreage

to stop stoppage

 

2) to approve approval

to deny denial

to remove removal

to renew renewal

to withdraw , withdrawal

 

3) significant significance

insistent insistence

resistant resistance

constant constancy

efficient efficiency

 

4) brother brotherhood

mother motherhood

man manhood

likely likelihood

 

5) to combine combination

to affirm affirmation

to translate translation

to possess possession

to introduce introduction

to restrict restriction

to submit submission

 

6) to achieve achievement

to agree agreement

to improve improvement

to pay payment

to fulfil fulfilment

 

7) cold coldness

happy happiness

weak weakness

dark darkness

 

8) friend friendship

citizen citizenship

member membership

owner ownership

 

9) long length

true truth

strong strength

deep depth

 

10) certain certainty

productive productivity

safe safety

simple simplicity

responsible responsibility

convertible convertibility

available availability

 

. 158. .

 

1) to explain explainable

to accept acceptable

to convert convertible

to eat eatable

to understand understandable

to measure measurable

access accessible

 

2) form formal

intellect intellectual

agriculture agricultural

 

3) to insist insistent

to resist resistant

 

4) to contradict contradictory

money monetary

5) wood wooden

wax waxen

earth , earthen

 

6) care careful

fruit fruitful

cheer cheerful

shame shameful

 

7) astronomy astronomic

patriot patriotic

optimist optimistic

democrat democratic

base basic

 

8) Dane Danish

Scott Scottish

brown brownish

yellow yellowish

green greenish

 

9) to compare comparative

to restrict restrictive

 

10) fruit fruitless

aim aimless

help helpless

hope hopeless

care careless

heart heartless

end endless

life lifeless

rest restless

 

11) nerve nervous

courage courageous

glory glorious

mountain mountainous

 

12) cloud cloudy

fog foggy

frost frosty

sun sunny

thirst thirsty

wind windy

. 159. .

 

1) population to populate

indication to indicate

illustration to illustrate

congratulation to congratulate

execution to execute

 

2) black to blacken

strength to strengthen

wide to widen

dark to darken

deep to deepen

hard to harden

soft to soften

 

3) pure to purify

intense to intensify

class to classify

glory to glorify

 

4) crystal to crystallize

legal to legalize

national to nationalize

apology to apologize

stable to stabilize

. 160. .

 

1) cold coldly

easy easily

quick quickly

slow slowly

sudden suddenly

month monthly

considerable considerably

second secondly

third thirdly

 

2) south southward(s)

east eastward(s)

sea seaward(s)

on , onward(s)

back , backward(s)

. 161. , . .

Innocent, innocence, ambitious, eminent, delicate, amplify, rudeness, personality, vital, vitality, prominent, unbearable, leisure, monetary, faultless, primary, formidable, clarify, constitute, radical, merciless, merciful, mercifully, mercilessness, ripen, fatherhood, calmness, madness, rumour, precision, culminate, perceptible, personify, cosmic, consequent, purify, simultaneous, boundless, cautious, centralize, foundation, dubious, constructive, confinement, solution, consequence, pasture, courage, scholarship, concession, comic, dominant, promptly, occurrence, condemnation, terminate, rehabilitation, shortage, punctuate, annual, harden, curious, formulate, obligatory, coincidence, curable, enormous, confirmation, dominance, faculty, memorable, excellence, curiosity, sympathetic, ambiguous, calamity, deafen, motion, diligent, diligence, boredom, glamour, likelihood, companionship, luxurious, contemporary, influential, conviction, sensibility, contradiction, pressure, flexible, flexibility, habitual, mysterious, photographic.

 

 

 

. 162. .

 

perfect imperfect

to interpret to misinterpret

to do to re-do

equal unequal

to estimate to overestimate/

to underestimate

to obey to disobey

to tie to untie

premier ex-premier

natural super-natural

complete incomplete

resolute irresolute

to join to disjoin

to advise to misadvise

sufficient insufficient

to elect to re-elect

manufactured semi-manufactured

(goods)

aggression , non-aggression

to apply to misapply

tropical subtropical

Shakespearian -Shakespearian

to act to counteract

social anti-social

conduct misconduct

to count to miscount

to eat to overeat

developed underdeveloped/

overdeveloped

to join to re-join

to name to rename

modern ultra-modern

rational irrational

 

. 163. .

 

to produce producer

to revive revival

to settle settlement

sweet sweetness

cruel cruelty

father fatherhood

dictator dictatorship

inevitable inevitability

to build builder

to connect connection

to permit permission

bitter bitterness

to educate education

southern southerner

to develop development

permanent permanence

to transmit transmission

to propose proposal

wide width

loyal loyalty

desirable desirability

to explain explanation

great greatness

to listen listener

to fulfil fulfillment

 

. 164. .

 

sorrow sorrowful

sun sunless

lead leaden

to persist persistent

fear fearless

to break breakable

music musical

black blackish

progress progressive

home homeless

to desire desirable

post postal

planet planetary

hero heroic

Turk Turkish

. 165. .

 

soft softly, softness, to soften

dark darkness, to darken

weak weakly, weakness, to weaken

wide widely, to widen, width

serious seriously, seriousness

sudden suddenly, suddenness

large to enlarge, enlargement

quick quickly, quickness, to quicken

happy unhappy, happily, unhappily, happiness, unhappiness

valid invalid, validity, invalidity

equal equally, unequal, equality, inequality

patient patiently, impatient, impatiently, patience, impatience

responsible irresponsible, responsibility, irresponsibility

stable unstable, stability, instability, to stabilize, stabilization

regular regularly, irregular, irregularly, regularity, irregularity

cheap cheaply, cheapness, to cheapen

possible possibly, impossible, possibility, impossibility

probable probably, improbable, probability, improbability

polite politely, impolite, impolitely, politeness, impoliteness

free freely, freedom

ready readiness, readily

east eastwards

harm harmful, harmless, harmlessness

sleep sleepless, sleeplessness

aim aimless, aimlessly, aimlessness

attention inattention, attentive, inattentive, attentively, inattentively

sun sunny, sunless, sunlessness

success successful, unsuccessful, successfully, unsuccessfully

help helpless, helplessly, helplessness

care careful, careless, carefully, carelessly, carefulness, carelessness

use useful, useless, uselessly, usefulness, uselessness

law lawful, unlawful, lawfully, unlawfully, lawless, lawlessness

respect respectful, disrespectful, respectfully, disrespectfully

end endless, endlessly, endlessness

to suit suitable, unsuitable

to measure to re - measure, measurable, immeasurable, immeasurably

to convert convertible, inconvertible, convertibility, inconvertibility

to notice noticeable, noticeably

to obtain obtainable, unobtainable

to rely reliable, unreliable

to resist resistance, irresistible

to attain attainment, attainable, unattainable, attainability, unattainability

to desire desirable, undesirable, desirability, undesirable

to limit limitation, unlimited, limitless

to exist to co - exist, existence, co - existence

to add addition, additional, additionally

to restrict restriction, restrictive, restricted, unrestricted

to thank thankful, unthankful, thankless, thankfulness, thanklessness, thankfully, thanklessly

to accept acceptance, acceptable, unacceptable

to consider to re - consider, consideration, re - consideration

to insist insistent, insistently, insistence

to differ different, indifferent, difference, indifference

to explain explanation, explanatory, explainable, unexplainable

to except exception, exceptional, exceptionally

to expect expectations, unexpected, unexpectedly, unexpectedness

to forget forgetful, forgetfulness, unforgettable

to continue to discontinue, continuation

to depend dependent, independent, inter - dependent, independently, dependence, independence

to appear to disappear, to re - appear, appearance, disappearance, re - appearance

to develop development, undeveloped, underdeveloped, overdeveloped

to connect to disconnect, connection, unconnected, disconnected

to signify significant, insignificant, significantly, insignificantly, significance, insignificance

to compare comparative, comparatively, comparable, incomparable, incomparably

to exclude exclusion, exclusive, exclusively

to satisfy to dissatisfy, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, unsatisfactory, satisfactorily, unsatisfactorily

 

XXI . , ( ) . , . , .

 

 

 

 

 

1. * , . . : . . / . . , . . , . . , . . . ; .: , 1994. 288 .

2. * , . . / . . , . . , . . . 3- ., . .: : , 1998. 688 .

 

 

 

1. *, . . : . / . . . .: , 2001. 192 .

2. * , . . / . . . .: , 2000. 192 . (. ).

3. * Evans, V. Round-up: English Grammar Practice. Part 3 / V. Evans. Harlow: Longman, 2001. 145 p.

4. *Murphy, R. Essential Grammar in Use: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Elementary Students of English / R. Murphy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 300 p.

5. * Murphy, R. English Grammar in Use: A Self-Study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Students of English / R. Murphy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 350 p.

 

1. , . . / . .. .: . ., 1983. 240 .

2. , . . / . . , . . . : , 1996. 366 .

3. , . . / . . . .: , 1999. 256 .

 

 

_______________

* .

4. , . . / . . . .: , 2000. 160 .

5. , . . - / .. . M.: . ., 1973. 200 .

6. , . . : -. . / . . . .: , 1989. 288 .

7. Evans, V. Round-up: English Grammar Practice. Part 4 / V. Evans. Harlow: Longman, 2001. 165 p.

8. Redman, S. English Vocabulary in Use: Pre-intermediate and Intermediate / S. Redman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 270 p.

 

1

 

Infinitive Past Indefinite Past Participle
       
to arise arose arisen
to awake awoke awoken ,
to be was/were been ,
to bear bore born(e) ; ;
to beat beat beaten
to become became become
to begin began begun ()
to blow blew blown
to break broke broken
to bring brought brought
to broadcast broadcast broadcasted broadcast broadcasted
to build built built
to buy bought bought
to catch caught caught ,
to choose chose chosen
to come came come
to cost cost cost
to cut cut cut
to deal dealt dealt
to dig dug dug
to do did done
to drink drank drunk
to drive drove driven ,
to eat ate eaten ,
to fall fell fallen
to feed fed fed ()
to feel felt felt
to fight fought fought ,
to find found found
to fly flew flown
to forget forgot forgotten
to freeze froze frozen ,
to get got got
to give gave given
to go went gone
to grow grew grown

.

 

       
to hang hung hung ,
to have had had
to hear heard heard
to hide hid hidden
to hit hit hit
to hold held held
to hurt hurt hurt , ,
to keep kept kept ,
to know knew known
to lay laid laid ,
to lead led led
to lean leant leaned leant leaned
to leap leapt leapt
to learn learnt learned learnt learned
to leave left left ,
to let let let
to lie lay lain
to lose lost lost
to make made made
to mean meant meant ,
to meet met met
to pay paid paid
to put put put
to read read read
to ride rode ridden
to ring rang rung
to rise rose risen
to run ran run
to say said said
to see saw seen
to seek sought sought
to sell sold sold
to send sent sent
to sew sewed sewed sewn ,
to shake shook shaken
to shave shaved shave ()
to shine shone shone ,

 

.

 

       
to shoot shot shot
to show showed shown
to shut shut shut
to sing sang sung
to sink sank sunk ,
to sit sat sat
to sleep slept slept
to slide slid slid
to smell smelt smelt ,
to sow sowed sown
to speak spoke spoken
to spend spent spent
to spill   spilt spilled spilt spilled  
to spit spat spat ()
to spoil spoilt spoiled spoilt spoiled ,  
to spring sprang sprung
to stand stood stood
to steal stole stolen ,
to stick stuck stuck ;
to strike struck struck ,
to swear swore sworn
to sweep swept swept ,
to swim swam swum
to swing swung swung
to take took taken
to teach taught taught
to tear tore torn
to tell told told
to think thought thought
to throw threw thrown ,
to tread trod trodden ,
to understand understood understood
to wake woke waked woken waked
to wear wore worn (o)
to weep wept wept
to win won won ,
to write wrote written

 

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