Объектный инфинитивный оборот или сложное дополнение (the Complex Object) состоит из существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже и инфинитива смыслового глагола. Конструкция выполняет в предложении функцию сложного дополнения и обычно переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением.
Различают несколько групп глаголов, после которых возможен объектный инфинитивный оборот:
· глаголы, обозначающие восприятие (to see ‘видеть’, to hear ‘слышать’, to watch ‘наблюдать’, to notice ‘замечать’, to observe ‘наблюдать’, to feel ‘чувствовать’ и др.): I felt the temperature fall ‘Я почувствовал, что температура упала ’.
· глаголы, обозначающие желание и волеизъявление (to want ‘хотеть’, to wish ‘желать’): I wanted them to repeat the experiment ‘Я хотел, чтобы они повторили эксперимент ’.
· глаголы, обозначающие предположение или cуждение (to expect ‘ожидать’, to consider ‘считать’, to think ‘полагать’, to suppose ‘предполагать’, to know ‘знать’, to believe ‘читать, полагать’ и др.): We expect the results to change ‘Мы ожидаем, что результаты изменятся ’.
· глаголы, обозначающие требование, просьбу или разрешение (to order ‘приказать’, to make ‘заставлять’, to cause ‘заставлять’, to let ‘позволять’, to allow ‘разрешать’ и др.): Gravity causes bodies to fall to the earth ‘Гравитация заставляет тела падать на землю’.
После глаголов, выражающих восприятие, а также после глаголов to make и to let инфинитив употребляется без частицы to: They made us check the results ‘Они заставили нас проверить результаты’.
На русский язык объектный инфинитивный оборот переводится, как правило, придаточным дополнительным предложением, подлежащим которого является дополнение (существительное в общем падеже или местоимение в объектном падеже), а сказуемым – инфинитив: We know this phenomenon to be very common ‘Мы знаем, что это явление широко распространено ’; We saw the students work in the laboratory ‘Мы видели, как студенты работают в лаборатории’.
Упражнения
Упр. 76. Переведите следующие предложения, содержащие объектный инфинитивный оборот.
а) 1. My parents want me to stay in the country. 2. We expected them to come to see us at the end of the month. 3. Did you hear him to graduate from the college and go to his home town? 4. The old man wanted his son to clean the yard and paint the fence. 5. My mother wants me to find a job with a good salary. 6. All the parents want their children to help them. 7. We expected the train from Moscow to arrive at 5 p.m. 8. Do you want me to come earlier? 9. The teacher told the students not to use dictionaries when translating the text. 10. All the students wanted their team to win. 11. The teacher wanted me to copy out this text.
b) 1. We saw them play football. 2. I felt my hands tremble. 3. I heard him speak at the meeting. 4. They didn't see him enter the room. 5. We saw an old woman fall in the street. 6. Did you see the stranger go out? 7. We noticed the boy hide something in his pocket. 8. The policeman saw the woman pick up something from the floor. 9. The football fans saw the player take the ball and score the first goal. 10. The young mother watched her son play on the sand near the river. 11. The teacher let us use dictionaries at the test. 12. Let us go and have a cup of tea. 13. Mother made me clean my room.
Упр. 77. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение с инфинитивом.
а) 1. Не wanted us to visit the art exhibition. 2. I expect you to tell me everything. 3. I suppose her to be about 50. 4. The teacher does not consider him to be a good student. 5. The engineer expected the work to be done in time. 6. We expect you to show good results. 7. The discovery showed the atomic nucleus to be a vast source of energy. 8. We know him to have graduated from the Institute two years ago. 9. Everybody knows him to be writing a new book. 10. We know cybernetics to be an important branch of modern technology. 11. We thought him to have taken part in their experiment. 12. Did you want the plan to be improved?
b) 1. She felt somebody look at her. 2. We heard him come in and close the door behind him. 3. Have you ever seen our football team play? 4. She watched the boy buy a newspaper, open it, look it through and then throw it away. 5. Nobody noticed her leave the room. 6. I heard him mention my sister's name. 7. Many people like to watch the sun rise. 8. She saw her son fall. 9. He likes to watch his son play in the garden. 10. The students heard the bell ring. 11. You can't make me believe that all these stories are true. 12. In spite of bad weather the instructor made the sportsmen continue their training.
Упр. 78. Переведите предложения, выделяя оборот «дополнение с инфинитивом».
а) 1. We proved this suggestion to be wrong. 2. There were some reasons to believe it to be the case. 3. Jordan supposed the statement not to be obvious and believed it to require a proof. 4. One might expect the specimens to be morphologically extreme. 5. Aristotle supposes happiness to be associated with some other human activity. 6. Fuhrmann defines two systems of form to be equivalent. 7. We shall consider a controller to be a system of reactors. 8. We expect the document to serve experienced programmers. 9. The rule requires all arguments to be available before execution can take place. 10. Unfortunately at the same time another station may have detected the network to be free and started to broadcast its message. 11. Although this quantity is not the same, many workers in the past have assumed it to be so. 12. One would expect the true value to have a 90 % chance. 13. We heard the construction of railway facilities benefit fully from the system.
b) 1. We made this reaction run at reduced pressure. 2. We could not get this product to polymerize. 3. Inevitably the adoption of a data base approach causes any single process to be less efficient. 4. High temperatures allowed the reaction to be carried out in two hours. 5. It is usually rather difficult to get nitrogen to combine with other elements. 6. These properties led him to suggest that they had prepared a novel compound. 7. Such systems permit the properties of a particular machine to be exploited to the full. 8. Have the user participate in writing the manual! 9. This causes amorphous phosphates to be hygroscopic. 10. Finding methods of getting programmers to write more local programs is a worthy long-range goal. 11. Assuming the initiation to be instanteneous, the reactions are propagation reactions. 12. A decrease in pressure will cause the original sample to change into two phases.
Упр. 79. Закончите предложения, раскрыв скобки, употребив Complex Object.
1. The teacher watched the pupils (писать сочинение). 2. When I entered the classroom I saw some boys (играли в карты). 3. The parents want their children (хорошо знать иностранный язык). 4. I'd like this student (перевести эту статью). 5. My mother didn't like me (играть в футбол). 6. I didn't notice you (войти в комнату). 7. We watched the boys (играть в волейбол). 8. They expected me (поступить в институт). 9. We waited for them (начать петь). 10. Our teacher wanted us (обсудили новый фильм). 11. Parents don't want their children (купаться в холодной воде). 12. They expected me (стать хорошим врачом). 13. I have always considered them (быть моими друзьями). 14. They find the offer (быть интересным).
