. , , :
1) ;
2) , .
. - e . , e , . , e, n , , n : = n.
, e n , e, ,
e1 = e.
n1 , = n,n1 .
e1 n1 , e1 , ,
2 = e.
, , .
, .
:
n,n 1 n 2 , n,n 1 n 2...
, :
- , , , .
, , .
:
1. , , , , ,
= b me (a) = me (b).
2. , - , , , ,
= + b me () = me (a) + me (b).
3. b , b = , , , b , ,
b = me (b) = me ().
4. ( ) , ( ) .
:
|
|
5. < b m () < m (b),
> b m () > m (b);
6. = − b me () = me (a) − me (b);
7. = : b = me (a): me (b).
䳿 .
:
1) 15 < 15, 1, 15 < 15, 1;
2) 6, 5 + 4, 8 = (6, 5 + 4, 8) = 11, 3;
3) 14 2 = (14 2) = 28.
. : , , , , .
XV XVI . , . , , :
1 = 7 ,
1 = 500 ,
1 = 3 .
1 ≈ 71,12.
, 18 . , . , .
: 1875 . 17 , 60. 1899 ., 1925 .
(), (), (), (), (), :
1 = 100 1 = 1000
1 = 10 1 = 10
1 = 1000 1 = 10