- , - ( ) - ( ), - . , , ("" .), . - (" " .). , - , , , , , . . , - , . s-1, N=2×106, 3% NaCl N=5×106 [5,13,38].
( ). (, , .) , ( .), 105 - () ( , ). , . , ("" .) .
() , ', , 䳺 .
, (103...104 ) - , . , ...
, . , , s, s - , ("" .) - d y - ("" .) , (s-1) N, , . . : , [5,13].
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- , - . , , ( , -) [38].
, () . - ( 104 ) . f ( 7.1) 0,01 . - Rmax :
Rmax=(a2+4×f2)/8×f (7.1)
- ("" .) .
( 8 - 7 -700), ( 2%) . , , . , e:
e =(l max - l )/ l cp (7.2)
e =(Rmax - Rcp)/Rcp (7.3)
e =(t/2Rcp)100, % (7.4)
t - .
e - , . , . , ( 7.1) :
s=6×t×f/2 (7.5)
㳿 ( , ):
1. 31560
2. ( 31257 )
3. ( t=2,7 )
4. (d=8) .5.
5. .
6. ( ) .
7. ( )
8. 2,5 0,01 .
9. .
10.ϳ , , , .
11. (- - CrO3), CrVI/Cr3+ =60/40 40/60, r=1,6...1,7 /3, ' 7-20 , =3...4 /2, = 343...353 , t=10...12 ., 6 .
( 7.2)
-2 ( 7.3) ( , - ). 50 .
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. 7.1 - | 7.2 - |
:
1. ϳ , ( ).
7.3 - -2:
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6,7
2. -2 N ( ).
3. - 3%NaCl - Nc.
4. - 3%NaCl, ( =0,05-0,1 /2), Pt- , N - NACE (5% NaCl+0.5 CH3COOH, H2S .) NACE (3% NaCl+0.5 CH3COOH, pH4) ( ).
5. ( ).
:
7.3.1 (7.6) (7.7) g
K=[(NcNc) / (NNc)]100,% (7.6)
K=[(NcNc) / Nc ]100,% (7.7)
g = Nc/Nc, (7.8)
7.3.2 () g
K=[(NN) / (NN)]100,% (7.9)
K=[(NN) / N ]100,% (7.10)
g = N/N, (7.11)
7.3.3 : b, b, - b ( ):
b=N/Nc, b= N/Nc, b= N/N (7.12)
7.6 7.12 N, N, N, N , , - ( ).
7.4 : ( ) . :
N =..., N =..., N =..., N =... ³ () , ( ) .
7.5
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. , , ( )?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. - ?
10. ?
8
ij
8.1 : ; 糿.
8.2
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³, 20-25 % . 50% . 15% . 糺 ' ( 20%), ( 25%). 㳿 50 . ×/ ( ). 30-70%, - 30-40% . , ' 糿, 30-90% [10,25,26].
[2,13,27].
ij [11, 28-30]. , () , NaCl (20/) 3[Fe(CN)6] (10 /). - . CuSO4.
ʳ , -- , , - . . [31-36].
, . [33-36]. 糿, - , - , , , - 糿 [35]. 糿 [34] 䳺 .
糿 ( , , - ) 糿 . Mq, Al, Zn. , , (j).