糿
. ³ : 1) 糿 () 2) 糿 (). [23].
糿 ( ) :
(4.1)
m 1 , ; m 2 糿, ; S , 2; t , .; , 糿. , 糿, . ; 糿, , .
, , .
糿 , , 糿. , , .
糿 :
(4.2)
m 2 糿. 糿 . , , . () 10 ( 4.1) [4].
4.1 - ( 13819-68)
糿 , / | ||
ֳ | 0,001 | |
0,001 0,005 | ||
0,005 0,01 | ||
0,01 0,05 | ||
0,05 0,1 | ||
0,1 0,5 | ||
0,5 1,0 | ||
1,0 5,0 | ||
5,0 10,0 | ||
10,0 |
糿 : 糿, , .
, , , , , ' . , . , , , . .
|
|
' () 糿
糿 ( ) , ( ). ( ), , . 糿, , [23].
:
; (4.3)
, ... ( 4.2);
(4.4)
(4.5)
(4.6)
A - , = 55,85 ;
n , : Fe2+ n = 2;
ρ , /3 (ρFe= 7,85 /3)
2 , . . .( 4.2)
4.2
, | |||||||||||
2, . . . | 9,21 | 12,79 | 13,63 | 14,53 | 15,48 | 16,48 | 17,53 | 18,65 | 19,83 | 21,09 | 22,38 |
(l, 2S4) (+).
( <7) [4]:
, = 0; = 0 (4.7)
= 1; =-0,059 (4.8)
糿 ().
( <7):
= 0; j = 1,23 (4.9)
:
(4.10)
<7, , :
Fe Fe2+ + 2ē = -0,44 (4.11)
, .
( ³ 7), () [4]:
O2 + 2H2O + 4 ē = 4 - = 7; j = 0,815 (4.12)
= 14; j = 0,401
³ 7 +- ( , ,
Mg j0 =-2,37 NaCl):
H2O + ē = H + - (4.13)
( ³ 7) (FeOOH):
Fe Fe2+ + 2ē (4.14)
Fe2+ +2- Fe()2 (4.15)
4Fe()2 + 2 + 22 4Fe(OH)3 (4.16)
Fe()3 FeOOH + H2O (4.17)
:
1. - , , , .
2. ( ), .
3. ( ) .
|
|
4. 2 2 ( 10-15 .).
5. 糿, , , .
6. 4.2-4.6, 4.3.
4.3
- | , o | - -, . | m , | m , | , | Km-, | , / | K, / | ic, A/2 | m ic, A/2 | K, | ||
l: 1. (+) H2SO4: 1. (+) |
7. 4.3 糿:
4.1 - ʳ 糿 V0 / S = f(t)
8. ( ic) 糿 (m ic) ( /2) :
ic (4.15)
m ic (4.16)
F , F = 26,8 ×./-.
n - , 糿, n = 2
9. 4.10
ic = m ic, 2 - :
.
4.4 : , 20 (...) (...), (...) (...), (...). 10- (...).
4.5
1. .
2. .
3. ?
4. ? ?
5. ? ?
6. ( ³ 7)? .
7. +- ³ 7 ( )?
8. 糿 HCl.
9. 糿 .
10. 糿 , .
5
糿 -5827. 糿 䳿
5.1 : 糿 糿 .