.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





- , , . .

, , ( ), () , ( ),- , () - (.6.9).

, , . , . , , , . . .

( ). , , , . . ( ), . (), . , , , (.6.10).

, x, :

Rx = Cx S, (6.15)

ρ - ; υ - ; S - .

Rx , , .

, (6.15):

Ry = Cy S, (6.16)

- .


7. -

, - , , , .

XVII . . . , . XIX . . , . . .

, , . . , , (, . .). , , , . . , .

, , . , . XI , () (). 1,013 105 0 100 ( ).

, (, , 609 ). 273,15 . . 273,15 ( , ),

=273,15 + t.

T =0 . , 0 , .

- , , :

1) ;

2) ;

3) .

, , , . , , , .

- : :

pV = const

Τ = const, m = const. (7.1)

, V, , . , (.7.1) , , .

- : 1) :

V = V 0(1+α t),

p = const, m = const; (7.2)

.7.1. .7.2. .7.3.

2) :

p = p 0(1+ at)

V = const, = const. (7.3)

t , p 0 V 0 0, a = 1/273,15 -1.

, , . V, t (.7.2) , . , , . (.7.3) , t , .

(7.2) (7.3) , t = -1/ a = -273,15 , 1+ at = 0. , ,

Τ = t +1/ a.

(7.2) (7.3) , - :

V = V 0 (1+ at) = V 0 [1+ a (T -1/ a)] = V 0 a,

p = (1 + at) = 0 [1+ a (T - 1/)] = p 0 a

V 1 /V 2= 1 / 2

= const, m = const, (7.4)

1 / 2 = 1 / 2

V =const, m = const, (7.5)

1 2 , .

: . 22,41×10-3 3/.

, , :

N = 6,022 .1023 -1.

: 1, 2,, , :

p = 1 + 2 +... + .

, , , , .

 

7.3.

, : , V . , , : .7.4.

F (p, V, T)=0,

.

. , - -. V 1, 1 T 1. 2, V 2, 2(.7.4).

1 2 : 1) ( 1 1/ ), 2) ( 1/ 2).

(7.1) - (7.5) :

1 V 1 =p/ 1 V 2, (7.6)

. (7.7)

(7.6) (7.7) p/ 1 :

.

1 2 , pV/T , . .

pV/T = = const. (7.8)

(7.8) , , .

. . , (7.8) , Vm. , p Τ Vm, . R .

pVm = RT (7.9)

, , - .

(7.9), , ( 0 = 1,013×105 , T 0=273,15 , Vm =22,41×10-3 3/): R =8,31 /( ).

(7.9) - . p T Vm, V= (m/) Vm, Μ ( ). (/).

pV = RT = vRT,(7.10)

: v=m/M .

,

k=R/NA = 1,38∙10-23 /.

, (2.4)

p= RT/Vm = kNAT/Vm = nkT,

NA/Vm=n ( ). ,

p=nkT (7.11)

, ( ). . , 13 , :

Nl = 0 / (k 0) = 2,68∙1025 -3.

 





:


: 2016-11-18; !; : 1190 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1526 - | 1434 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.024 .