| Planting and Care (1) Early spring is the best time to plant raspberries. Purchase disease-free plants (2)from a reputable nursery (3). Viruses can be readily transmitted (4)into a planting through infected plants, and there is no way to “cure” the plants once they are infected. They can only be destroyed to control the spread of the virus. The favored planting system (5) for red raspberries is the narrow hedgerow (6). Set (7)red or yellow raspberries every 2 to 3 feet, in rows at least 6 feet apart (8). Allow new primocanes to spread along the row but not wider than 12 inches. Wider rows invite fungal diseases because of slow drying conditions. Set black and purple raspberries with 4 feet between plants and 8 feet between rows. Because these cultivars do not produce root suckers (9), they should be maintained in a hill system (10). The “hill” does not mean mounding the soil (11); it refers to the cluster of canes (12) that develops from a single plant. Although black and purple raspberries do not send up new primocanes outside the hill (13), they can spread: the long, vigorous canes (14)often arch down to the soil surface (15), where they may take root. It’s important to keep the canes controlled and trellised (16). Raspberry plants need to be fertilized. When primocanes emerge in new plantings, scatter (17)¼ cup ammonium nitrate (33-0-0) around each plant. Once the planting is established, fertilize yearly by the first of May. Evenly distribute fertilizer such as ammonium nitrate (1/5 cup) or 10-10-10 (½ cup) per plant. Do not apply all fertilizer at the base of the plant, but spread it over the entire area. Composted manure (18) is a good source of nutrients and can be incorporated prior to planting at a rate of 3½ cu. feet per 100 sq. feet, to improve soil structure and provide nutrients. On established plantings, apply the same rate for plant nutrition. Raspberries benefit from mulching (19). Good mulches for use in the home garden include leaves, lawn clippings (20), and wood chips or shavings (21), because they are usually free of weed seeds. Add ¼ to ½ cup of ammonium nitrate per bushel (22)of wood shavings to speed decomposition (23)and protect against nitrogen deficiency in the plants. Plentiful water (24)is important for raspberries from spring until after harvest. Because the root system is in the top two feet of soil, watering regularly is more beneficial than an occasional deep soaking. Raspberries need 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week from flowering until harvest. Use a rain gauge (25) or check reported rainfall, and irrigate accordingly. Raspberries will begin to bloom in late May or early June. Bumblebees (26), honeybees (27), and other wild bees are enthusiastic pollinators (28)of brambles. The more bees working your planting, the more fruit you will harvest. | 1. 2. 3. () 4. 5. 6. ( ) 7. 8. 6 9. 10. 11. 12. () () 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. () 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. |
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Exercise 2 b. Mach the phrases in column A with their equivalents in column B:
| A. Early spring is the best time to plant raspberries. | 1. , ᒺ , . |
| B. Wider rows invite fungal diseases because of slow drying conditions. | 2. ϳ , , . |
| C. Its important to keep the canes controlled and trellised. | 3. . |
| D. Once the planting is established, fertilize yearly by the first of May. | 4. , . |
| E. On established plantings, apply the same rate for plant nutrition. | 5. . |
| F. Viruses can be readily transmitted into a planting through infected plants, and there is no way to cure the plants once they are infected. | 6. , , . |
| G. Good mulches for use in the home garden include leaves, lawn clippings, and wood chips or shavings, because they are usually free of weed seeds. | 7. , . |
| H. They can only be destroyed to control the spread of the virus. | 8. , . |
| I. The more bees working your planting, the more fruit you will harvest. | 9. , , , . |
| J. Because these cultivars do not produce root suckers, they should be maintained in a hill system. | 10. . |
