Exercise 2 a. Study the vocabulary below:
| peat soils | ||||
| silt loam soils | - | |||
| sandy loam soils | ||||
| suitable | ||||
| seeding | ||||
| transplanting | ||||
| approximately | ||||
| direct seeded | , | |||
| sets | ||||
| variety selection | ||||
| availability | , | |||
| the depth of transplant or set placement | ||||
| effect on | ||||
| spring seeding | ||||
| adequate vegetative growth | ||||
| occur | , | |||
| 70" on center | 70 | |||
| in two sets of double rows | ||||
| precision or broadcasted | ||||
| planter | ||||
| outstanding benefits | ||||
| improved drainage | ||||
| extended wet periods | ||||
| root death | ||||
| subsequent tip burn | ||||
| reduced plant vigor | ||||
| the described planting configuration | ||||
| a seeding rate | ||||
| maximum yield potential | ||||
| precision seeders | ||||
| to accommodate pelleted seed | ||||
| significant increase in boiler size onions | ||||
| decrease in No. 1 size production | ᒺ | |||
| since | ||||
| the onion stem plate | ||||
| where the seed germinates | ||||
| shallow planting | () | |||
| flatter bulbs | (, ) | |||
| deeper seed placement | ||||
| top-shaped bulbs | ||||
Exercise 2 b. Mach the phrases in column A with their equivalents in column B:
| A. If seeded too late, bulbs will be small since bulbing will begin before adequate vegetative growth occurs. | 1. 9000 . |
| B. In Minnesota, onions are grown primarily on peat soils, although silt loam, or sandy loam soils are also suitable. | 2. 48-90 . |
| C. Onions do not grow well during extended wet periods which can contribute to root death, subsequent tip burn, and reduced plant vigor. | 3. (70 ) ( , ) 4 , 18 . |
| D. It is recommended that onions be planted on raised beds (70" on center) in two sets of double rows (precision or broadcasted, depending on the planter) spaced approximately 4" apart with each set of double rows spaced approximately 18" apart. | 4. ³ 㳿 , 11-13 1 ¼ . |
| E. If onions are to be planted without raised beds, it is recommended that the rows be spaced 12 - 14" with a seeding rate of 11 - 13 seeds/ft. | 5. () (, ) , , . |
| F. Most onions are direct seeded, although sets can also be used which are more expensive and can limit variety selection due to availability. | 6. ̳ , - . |
| G. Shallow planting results in flatter bulbs, while deeper seed placement results in taller, and sometimes top-shaped bulbs. | 7. . |
| H. With precision seeders (Stanhay and Nibex) 1.25 to 1.5 lbs. of raw seed are used per acre. | 8. , , . |
| I. With the described planting configuration, a seeding rate of 11 - 13 seeds\ft. 1/4" deep is recommended for maximum yield potential. | 9. , 12-14 11-13 1 . |
| J. The optimum temperature range for germination is 48 to 90F. | 10. (Stanhay and Nibex) 1,25 1,5 1 . |
| K. One of the most outstanding benefits from this type of culture is improved drainage. | 11. 1 800 15/16 . |
| L. There are approximately 9,000 onion seeds per ounce. | 12. , , . |
| M. When sets are used, about 800 lbs of 15/16 inch or smaller diameter sets, are needed per acre. | 13. ; , . |
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