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. 1. 10-3 /




1. 10-3 /. pH, pOH [-] . .

. : lg10 a = a; 10lg a = .

.

1) ;

2)

3)

pH = 3 , pH < 7.

2. 0,002 /.

.

1 1, C(-) = C( -), :

1) ,

2)

3. 10 C( 3) = 0,01 / 90 . p , (3) = 1,85×10-5.

.

1) 3:

:

2) 10 90 - 10- . :

:

4. 0,002 /, = 95%.

.

:

5. 0,001 / 2,72. .

.

:

, , H2SO4 :

pH , [H+]:

:

6. NaOH, , 200 0,0004 NaOH ( 1).

.

:

C( NaOH):

7. , 5 , 3.

.

1)

2)

3)

, (, , ) - N(x), - n(x) N, 6,021023 -1:

.

:

8. 5H5N2 150 , 10, (5H5N2) = 5,2.

.

, . 5H5N2 - , 14′:

() = 2 - .

:

= 14 - = 14 - 10 = 4.

:

(5H5N2) = 24 - 5,2 = 2,8;

(5H5N2) = 10- = 10-2,8 = 1,5810-3 /;

m(5H5N2) = (5H5N2)(5H5N2)V- =

= 1,5810-3970,15 = 0,023 .

9. , 12, = 90 %.

.

, (8), (10) (13):

10. C(HNO3) = 0,01 / ( +).

.

I:

, I = 0,01, :

:

= 1, :

.

11. , 100 0,1 0,174 .

.

:

, Na+, K+, - SO42-, :

- :

(3) :

:

12. 500 HF, = 10 %, pH = 2,5, (F) = 7,2×10-4.

.

(12):

.

(n0) :

.

(n) :

.

:


1. ? .

2. ? 20-250?

3. ?

4. , ?

5. + - ?

6. () + - ?

7. , , ?

8. , ? ?

9. ? ?

10. ? , ?

11. ? (, , , , )?

12. ? ?

13. ?

14. NaCl pH ?

15. ?


1

1. [+] [-], 4.

2. , , 100 0,365 ( 1) 0,585 .

3. NH3×2 500 , 10,5, (NH3×2) = 4,74.

2

1. +, 25 , = 14.

2. C((H)2) = 0,02 /, = 90%.

3. 100 , 10, (3) = 1,8×10-5.

3

1. [+] , [-] = 3×10-5 /. .

2. 250 , 13, 1.

3. 0,01 /, (65) = 4,2. 5 ?

4

1. [+] , 40 12,041020 . .

2. 0,01 /, (HCN) = 8×10-10.

3. , 200 0,63 ( = 1) 0,261 .

5

1. [+] [-] , 5.

2. , 13,5, = 75%.

3. , 250 0,46 , (HC) = 2,2×10-4. 3 ?

6

1. -, 2 , = 10.

2. 100 C(14) = 0,1 / ( 1) 100 2. .

3. 3NH2×2 650 , 11,5, (3NH2×2) = 4,410−4.

7

1. [-] , [+] = 5×10-8 /.

2. 25NH2H2O , 11,7, (25NH2×2) = 3,25.

3. , , 100 0,0056 . ( 1). 2 ?

8

1. [+] [-] , pH 6.

2. , 500 0,05 LiOH. . 10 ?

3. , 800 , 11,4, (HNO2) = 4×10-4.

9

1. , 1250 3,011023 .

2. , 10 0,004 HF, (HF) = 3,18. 3 ?

3. 300 , 12,8, 95%.

10

1. [+] , [-] = 4×10-4 /. .

2. , 1,5 , 1,8, 1.

3. C((3)2NH×2) = 0,01 /, ((3)2NH×2) = 6,1×10-4. 15 ?

11

1. [+] [-], 1.

2. , 450 0,07 , (NH3×2) = 1,8510−5.

3. 125 C(2S4) = 0,03 / ( 91%) 125 . , 95%.

12

1. +, 30 , = 1.

2. , 120 0,204 Rb ( 1) 0,87 K2SO4.

3. 750 , 11,5, (25) = 4,89. 7 ?

13

1. [+] [-] , 4.

2. , 400 0,256 , 98%.

3. 65NH2×2 1500 , 9, (65NH2×2) = 3,810−10. 8 ?

14

1. [-], 4 24,081019 . .

2. , 10,6, (65) = 6,3×10-5. 5 ?

3. , () = 0,005 / (NNO3) = 0,015 /.

15

1. [+] [-] , 6,5.

2. 350 , 10,4, (3) = 4,75.

3. 25 C(a(OH)2) = 0,015 / ( 90%) 125 . , 99%.

16

1. -, 20 , 7,35.

2. , 50 0,027 , 1. 3 ?

3. 3NH2×2 300 , 11, (3NH2×2) = 3,36.

17

1. [+] , [-] = 2×10-4 /. .

2. , 500 0,005 0,01 .

3. , 400 , 11,4, (HN) = 9,1.

18

1. [-] ( = 7,4) ( = 7,5).

2. C(N3) = 10-9 /, 1.

3. 25NH2H2O 1800 , 11,2, (25NH2×2) = 5,610−4. 5 ?

 

19

1. , 190 15,051013 .

2. , , 750 0,513 ()2. 20 ? .

3. 10 C() = 0,15 / 40 2. , (HC) = 3,66.

20

1. C(Cs) = 10-9 /, 1.

2. 800 , 2,5%, 3,5, (-) = 1,85×10-5.

3. , 300 0,384 0,284 .


 





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