1. 10-3 /. pH, pOH [-] . .
. : lg10 a = a; 10lg a = .
.
1) ;
2)
3)
pH = 3 , pH < 7.
2. 0,002 /.
.
1 1, C(-) = C( -), :
1) ,
2)
3. 10 C( 3) = 0,01 / 90 . p , (3) = 1,85×10-5.
.
1) 3:
:
2) 10 90 - 10- . :
:
4. 0,002 /, = 95%.
.
:
5. 0,001 / 2,72. .
.
:
, , H2SO4 :
pH , [H+]:
:
6. NaOH, , 200 0,0004 NaOH ( 1).
.
:
C( NaOH):
7. , 5 , 3.
.
1)
2)
3)
, (, , ) - N(x), - n(x) N, 6,021023 -1:
.
:
8. 5H5N2 150 , 10, (5H5N2) = 5,2.
.
, . 5H5N2 - , 14′:
() = 2 - .
:
= 14 - = 14 - 10 = 4.
:
(5H5N2) = 24 - 5,2 = 2,8;
(5H5N2) = 10- = 10-2,8 = 1,5810-3 /;
m(5H5N2) = (5H5N2)(5H5N2)V- =
= 1,5810-3970,15 = 0,023 .
9. , 12, = 90 %.
.
, (8), (10) (13):
10. C(HNO3) = 0,01 / ( +).
.
I:
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, I = 0,01, :
:
= 1, :
.
11. , 100 0,1 0,174 .
.
:
, Na+, K+, - SO42-, :
- :
(3) :
:
12. 500 HF, = 10 %, pH = 2,5, (F) = 7,2×10-4.
.
(12):
.
(n0) :
.
(n) :
.
:
1. ? .
2. ? 20-250?
3. ?
4. , ?
5. + - ?
6. () + - ?
7. , , ?
8. , ? ?
9. ? ?
10. ? , ?
11. ? (, , , , )?
12. ? ?
13. ?
14. NaCl pH ?
15. ?
1
1. [+] [-], 4.
2. , , 100 0,365 ( 1) 0,585 .
3. NH3×2 500 , 10,5, (NH3×2) = 4,74.
2
1. +, 25 , = 14.
2. C((H)2) = 0,02 /, = 90%.
3. 100 , 10, (3) = 1,8×10-5.
3
1. [+] , [-] = 3×10-5 /. .
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2. 250 , 13, 1.
3. 0,01 /, (65) = 4,2. 5 ?
4
1. [+] , 40 12,041020 . .
2. 0,01 /, (HCN) = 8×10-10.
3. , 200 0,63 ( = 1) 0,261 .
5
1. [+] [-] , 5.
2. , 13,5, = 75%.
3. , 250 0,46 , (HC) = 2,2×10-4. 3 ?
6
1. -, 2 , = 10.
2. 100 C(14) = 0,1 / ( 1) 100 2. .
3. 3NH2×2 650 , 11,5, (3NH2×2) = 4,410−4.
7
1. [-] , [+] = 5×10-8 /.
2. 25NH2H2O , 11,7, (25NH2×2) = 3,25.
3. , , 100 0,0056 . ( 1). 2 ?
8
1. [+] [-] , pH 6.
2. , 500 0,05 LiOH. . 10 ?
3. , 800 , 11,4, (HNO2) = 4×10-4.
9
1. , 1250 3,011023 .
2. , 10 0,004 HF, (HF) = 3,18. 3 ?
3. 300 , 12,8, 95%.
10
1. [+] , [-] = 4×10-4 /. .
2. , 1,5 , 1,8, 1.
3. C((3)2NH×2) = 0,01 /, ((3)2NH×2) = 6,1×10-4. 15 ?
11
1. [+] [-], 1.
2. , 450 0,07 , (NH3×2) = 1,8510−5.
3. 125 C(2S4) = 0,03 / ( 91%) 125 . , 95%.
12
1. +, 30 , = 1.
2. , 120 0,204 Rb ( 1) 0,87 K2SO4.
3. 750 , 11,5, (25) = 4,89. 7 ?
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13
1. [+] [-] , 4.
2. , 400 0,256 , 98%.
3. 65NH2×2 1500 , 9, (65NH2×2) = 3,810−10. 8 ?
14
1. [-], 4 24,081019 . .
2. , 10,6, (65) = 6,3×10-5. 5 ?
3. , () = 0,005 / (NNO3) = 0,015 /.
15
1. [+] [-] , 6,5.
2. 350 , 10,4, (3) = 4,75.
3. 25 C(a(OH)2) = 0,015 / ( 90%) 125 . , 99%.
16
1. -, 20 , 7,35.
2. , 50 0,027 , 1. 3 ?
3. 3NH2×2 300 , 11, (3NH2×2) = 3,36.
17
1. [+] , [-] = 2×10-4 /. .
2. , 500 0,005 0,01 .
3. , 400 , 11,4, (HN) = 9,1.
18
1. [-] ( = 7,4) ( = 7,5).
2. C(N3) = 10-9 /, 1.
3. 25NH2H2O 1800 , 11,2, (25NH2×2) = 5,610−4. 5 ?
19
1. , 190 15,051013 .
2. , , 750 0,513 ()2. 20 ? .
3. 10 C() = 0,15 / 40 2. , (HC) = 3,66.
20
1. C(Cs) = 10-9 /, 1.
2. 800 , 2,5%, 3,5, (-) = 1,85×10-5.
3. , 300 0,384 0,284 .
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