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1. = 1++ i min £ £ max, min (max) () i.
2. u=u(x) v=v(x) u v: uv = u + v.
3. u=u(x) v=v(x) u v: uv = u v..
= ( (t)) t yt = yx ∙ xt..
xy =1/ yx..
:
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(), (). .
, D = D(p) , . R =pD. :
, R < 0, R >0.
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