NaOH (3)
, , . ϳ 90% 10% ( 0,1 ) . , ᒺ , 10 . 9% ( 99% ), 1% ( 0,01 ) . , 10 , 10 (9% 90%). ϳ 0,9% (99,9% ) 10 . , , , . , .
ϳ , , . , 0,1% (100,1% ), . 1% , 10 , , .. , .
г - .
, . , , (, ..). .
. , ᒺ .
ᒺ 0,1%. , ᒺ , 0,1% , .
. - , , 4 10.
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, HCl ((1/1HCl)=0,1 /3) 0,1% H+. (H+) =0,1∙ 0,1 / 100 = 1 104 /3; =4,0.
: - <4 >10. ᒺ . , , , . ((1/1)=0,1 /3). 0,1% , 0,1∙ 0,1 /100 = 1104 /3. , =(1104)2=1108. ᒺ , < 1108. , ( :
+ ↔ 2 + ) , , , 0,1%. ≈ 0,1 /3. , []
0,1∙0,1% /100 =1104 /3. =4, =10. , ᒺ - , , >10,0.
. :
+ 2 ↔ + : . =
= [][H]/[A]; [] = 1104 /3, [H] =0,1=101,
w =1014, []=1014 ∙101/ (104)2 =1 107. [] < 1107 / 3.
, ( ), : - , ≤ 4,0.
. .
, .
100 3 CH3COOH, (1/1 CH3COOH) = 0,1 / 3; = ½- ½ lg -= ½ 4,74 ½ lg1 101 =
= 2,37 + 0,5 = 2,87.
, 9 3 (1/1CH3COOH)=0,1/3, 9% CH3COOH CH3COONa 91% . , , , : =- + lg /. = 4,74 + lg 1 lg 10 = 3,8 ( /. = 9/91 =1/10.
:
ϳ 50 3 NaOH = 4,74 + lg 1/1 = 4,74;
91 3 NaOH = 4,74 + lg10 lg1 =
=5,74
(/. = 91/9 = 10/1;
99 3 NaOH = 4,74 + lg 100 = 6,74. /.= 99/1 = 100/1;
99,9 3 NaOH = 4,74 + lg1000 =
= 7,74;
100,0 3 NaOH
CH3COONa,
= 7 + ½ . +½ lg = 7 +½ 4,74 +½ 10-1 = 9,37 0,5 =
= 8,87.
100,1 3 , 0,13. : 0,1∙0,1=100∙c(1/1NaOH); c(1/1NaOH) = 0,1∙ 0,1 / 100 = 1104 /3; = lg [] = 4; = 10.
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ᒺ 101,0 3
1 3. :
1∙0,1=100∙c(1/1NaOH); c(1/1NaOH)=1∙0,1/100=1103 /3;
= lg [] = 3; = 11.
ᒺ 110 3 103. :
10∙0,1=100∙c(1/1NaOH); c(1/1NaOH) =10∙0,1/100 =1102 /3;
= lg [] = 2; = 12.