q , .
q M(q)
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1. q, () a, :
) M(q) ()
) D (q)
2. q, , b (> 1 < 1), :
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) D (q)
3.) M(q)
) D (q)
4. ) M(q)
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:
q
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a b.
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, :
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a b .
1.4
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m ;
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(1.30)
, p =,
- ( ) .
, (. 1.1):
- ;
- .
2.
Y ,
, (2.1)
- Y
.
2.1
.;
(2.2)
.;
- ;
- (2.1).
(2.1) Y.
1. (1.5) (1.8) 1.1 , . . .
(2.3)
2. (2.1)
. (2.4)
3.
, (2.5)
- , .
, - .
. . .
. (2.6)
, (2.7)
- nk nl .
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|
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; (2.10)
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4. :
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(2.11)
t = f () - . -1 .
) (. . -4)
(2.12)
tp=f(q; k) - .
k
(2.13)
nj .
, .. n1= n2== nm= n
(2.14)
, tp . -4 .
, . (2.15)
2.2
(2.1)
.; (2.16)
. .
, (2.17)
- , .
( ) () (2.1),
. (2.18)
(2.17) (2.8) . (2.15).
2.3
(2.8), (2.6),
. (2.19)
8.011-72 , . 5% . , (2.19) 5% (0,05) , . .
. (2.20)
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(2.21)
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2.4
1. . (2.24)
2. . (2.25)
3. . (2.26)
4. . (2.27)
5. . (2.28)
6. . (2.29)
(2.28) (2.29) (2.16) (2.17), (2.28) (2.29)
, (2.30)
. (2.31)
:
1. . . . , ().
2. , , , .
|
|
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. 2.1.
2.1
. 2.1: .
. 2.2
2.2
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1. .
2. 1.1.
3. ר
,
() () () 8.009-84 /2/ : (DS), (H), X0.
1.
-
(3.1)
- X0, X0
(3.2)
D i = Xi - X0; D i = Xi - X0; (3.3)
n - X (X),
-
(3.4)
2 n - .
2. (...)
-
(3.5)
-
(3.6)
3.
. (3.7)
4. , ,
(3.8)
, .. . , (H0 ) , 10% . . 3.1.
3.1
|
|
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³ 0,9 | < 0,1 | ³ 0,1 < 0,9 | ||
³ 0,1 | - | |||
- | ³ 0,3 | - | ||
Ho |
. 3.1: H0 - , :
1) , ;
2)
< .
5. .
, 8.401-80 /3/ ().
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() :
1) , ;
2) D0 DC .
, ( )
,
l .
gop
(3.9)
N -
N = X X; (3.10)
X X - ;
- ( ):
(1.0; 1.5; (1.6); 2.0; 2.5; (3,0); 4,0; 5.0; 6.0)×10n;
n = 1; 0; (-1); (-2).
Dop (3.9) :
)
() - )
, (3.11)
) ( - ):
- (H - )
; (3.12) - - (H - )
(3.13)
(3.12) (3.13) k p. p = 0,96; k = 2.
3.2
3
. | P0, /2 | P, /2 | P, /2 | N, /2 |
120.0 | 119.3; 119.7; 119.4; 119.6; 119.8 | 121.2; 120.8; 122.3; 121.0; 123.0 | 150.0 | |
3.0 | 2.97; 2.89; 2.94; 2.96; 2.84 | 3.03; 3.01; 3.00; 3.02; 3.06 | 5.0 | |
6.0 | 5.91; 5.93; 5.87; 5.93; 5.89 | 6.11; 6.09; 6.21; 6.15; 6.19 | 10.0 | |
9.0 | 8.97; 8.79; 8.88; 8.85; 8.92 | 9.15; 9.07; 9.01; 9.14; 9.02 | 15.0 | |
20.0 | 19.3; 19.7; 19.4; 19.6; 19.5 | 21.2; 20.8; 21.1; 21.0; 20.9 | 30.0 | |
40.0 | 39.3; 39.0; 39.5; 38.9; 39.1 | 41.3; 40.9; 40.8; 41.0; 41.1 | 50.0 | |
60.0 | 59.2; 59.4; 58.8; 58.9; 59.6 | 61.7; 61.5; 61.0; 60.8; 60.3 | ||
80.0 | 79.2; 79.6; 79.8; 78.9; 80.0 | 81.2; 81.0; 81.3; 80.9; 80.5 | ||
100.0 | 100.8; 99.7; 100.6; 99.8; 99.5 | 101.2; 100.5; 100.6; 100.9; 100.0 | 150.0 | |
2.0 | 1.97; 1.89; 1.94; 1.96; 1.84 | 2.03; 2.01; 2.02; 2.04; 2.06 | 5.0 |
. 3.1: 1. :
P0 ; P P , P0; N .
2. .
4.
, . - , , . (, ).
/4, 5, 6/.
- . , , , .
(. . 4.1,): (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (), (). .4.1,
|
|
P
|
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. 4.1
/4/. .4.1, 1 (TIR), ( ). : (TE), (TT) (P), ( , C1 TE). ( ) ( ), , . /7/.
4
:
0. .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. (Q1 = f(Q2)).
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
4:
1. , , .
2. : .
1. .. . - .: , 1978.- 262.
2. 8.009-84. . .
3. 8.401-80. . . .
4. 21.404-85. . .
5. .. . . - .: , 1983, .30-49.
6. .. : .- : - , 1996.- 112.
7. .. : . - : - , 1983.- 51 .
-1
0,0 | 0,00000 | |||||||||
0,1 | ||||||||||
0,2 | ||||||||||
0,3 | ||||||||||
0,4 | ||||||||||
0,5 | ||||||||||
0,6 | ||||||||||
0,7 | ||||||||||
0,8 | ||||||||||
0,9 | ||||||||||
1,0 | ||||||||||
1,1 | ||||||||||
1,2 | ||||||||||
1,3 | ||||||||||
1,4 | ||||||||||
1,5 | ||||||||||
1,6 | ||||||||||
1,7 | ||||||||||
1,8 | ||||||||||
1,9 | ||||||||||
2,0 | ||||||||||
2,1 | ||||||||||
2,2 | ||||||||||
2,3 | ||||||||||
2,4 | ||||||||||
2,5 | ||||||||||
2,6 | ||||||||||
2,7 | ||||||||||
2,8 | ||||||||||
2,9 |
. (t) t = 3,0 ÷ 4,5 :
3,0 | ... | 0,49865 | 3,4 | ... | 0,49966 | 3,8 | ... | 0,49993 |
3,1 | ... | 0,49903 | 3,5 | ... | 0,49977 | 3,9 | ... | 0,49995 |
3,2 | ... | 0,49931 | 3,6 | ... | 0,49984 | 4,0 | ... | 0,499968 |
3,3 | ... | 0,49952 | 3,7 | ... | 0,49989 | 4,5 | ... | 0,499999 |
-2
χ2 - c2 = f (q; k)
k = n 1 | q, % | |||||||
0,00016 | 0,00063 | 0,00393 | 0,0158 | 0,0642 | 0,148 | 0,455 | ||
0,0201 | 0,0404 | 0,103 | 0,211 | 0,446 | 0,713 | 1,386 | ||
0,115 | 0,185 | 0,352 | 0,584 | 1,005 | 1,424 | 2,366 | ||
0,297 | 0,429 | 0,711 | 1,064 | 1,649 | 2,195 | 3,357 | ||
0,554 | 0,752 | 1,145 | 1,610 | 2,343 | 3,000 | 4,351 | ||
0,872 | 1,134 | 1,635 | 2,204 | 3,070 | 3,828 | 5,348 | ||
1,239 | 1,564 | 2,167 | 2,833 | 3,822 | 4,671 | 6,346 | ||
1,646 | 2,032 | 2,733 | 3,490 | 4,594 | 5,527 | 7,344 | ||
2,088 | 2,532 | 3,325 | 4,168 | 5,380 | 6,393 | 8,343 | ||
2,558 | 3,059 | 3,940 | 4,865 | 6,179 | 7,267 | 9,342 | ||
3,053 | 3,609 | 4,575 | 5,578 | 6,989 | 8,148 | 10,341 | ||
3,571 | 4,178 | 5,226 | 6,304 | 7,807 | 9,034 | 11,340 | ||
4,107 | 4,765 | 5,892 | 7,042 | 8,634 | 9,926 | 12,340 | ||
4,660 | 5,368 | 6,571 | 7,790 | 9,467 | 10,821 | 13,339 | ||
5,229 | 5,985 | 7,261 | 8,547 | 10,307 | 11,721 | 14,339 | ||
5,812 | 6,614 | 7,962 | 9,312 | 11,152 | 12,624 | 15,338 | ||
6,408 | 7,255 | 8,672 | 10,085 | 12,002 | 13,531 | 16,338 | ||
7,015 | 7,906 | 9,390 | 10,865 | 12,857 | 14,440 | 17,338 | ||
7,633 | 8,567 | 10,117 | 11,651 | 13,716 | 15,352 | 18,338 | ||
8,260 | 9,237 | 10,851 | 12,443 | 14,578 | 16,266 | 19,337 | ||
8,897 | 9,915 | 11,591 | 13,240 | 15,445 | 17,182 | 20,337 | ||
9,542 | 10,600 | 12,338 | 14,041 | 16,314 | 18,101 | 21,337 | ||
10,196 | 11,293 | 13,091 | 14,848 | 17,187 | 19,021 | 22,337 | ||
10,856 | 11,992 | 13,848 | 15,659 | 18,062 | 19,943 | 23,337 | ||
11,524 | 12,697 | 14,611 | 16,473 | 18,940 | 20,867 | 24,337 | ||
12,198 | 13,409 | 15,379 | 17,292 | 19,820 | 21,792 | 25,336 | ||
12,879 | 14,125 | 16,151 | 18,114 | 20,703 | 22,719 | 26,336 | ||
13,565 | 14,847 | 16,928 | 18,939 | 21,588 | 23,647 | 27,336 | ||
14,256 | 15,574 | 17,708 | 19,768 | 22,475 | 24,577 | 28,336 | ||
14,953 | 16,306 | 18,493 | 20,599 | 23,364 | 25,508 | 29,336 | ||
. -2 | ||||||||
k = n 1 | q, % | |||||||
0,5 | ||||||||
1,074 | 1,642 | 2,706 | 3,841 | 5,412 | 6,635 | 7,879 | ||
2,408 | 3,219 | 4,605 | 5,991 | 7,824 | 9,210 | 10,597 | ||
3,665 | 4,642 | 6,251 | 7,815 | 9,837 | 11,345 | 12,838 | ||
4,878 | 5,989 | 7,779 | 9,488 | 11,668 | 13,277 | 14,860 | ||
6,064 | 7,289 | 9,236 | 11,070 | 13,388 | 15,086 | 16,750 | ||
7,231 | 8,558 | 10,645 | 12,592 | 15,033 | 16,812 | 18,548 | ||
8,383 | 9,803 | 12,017 | 14,067 | 16,622 | 18,475 | 20,278 | ||
9,524 | 11,030 | 13,362 | 15,507 | 18,168 | 20,090 | 21,955 | ||
10,656 | 12,242 | 14,684 | 16,919 | 19,679 | 21,666 | 23,589 | ||
11,781 | 13,442 | 15,987 | 18,307 | 21,161 | 23,209 | 25,188 | ||
12,899 | 14,631 | 17,275 | 19,675 | 22,618 | 24,725 | 26,757 | ||
14,011 | 15,812 | 18,549 | 21,026 | 24,054 | 26,217 | 28,300 | ||
15,119 | 16,985 | 19,812 | 22,362 | 25,472 | 27,688 | 29,819 | ||
16,222 | 18,151 | 21,064 | 23,685 | 26,873 | 29,141 | 31,319 | ||
17,322 | 19,311 | 22,307
: 2015-05-08; !; : 1622 | : : , . |
: 0.188 .