, (, , ), -. , , . ( ) , . , , -.
( ). , . (12.1) , (12.2) :
, (12.18)
. (12.19)
, , (12.18) (12.19):
. (12.20)
(12.20) . , (12.20). , a , . , . , .
:
, (12.21)
. .
:
. (12.22)
(12.22), S k . . , , . m, .
. (12.23)
. (12.15) (12.16) :
. (12.24)
, , :
. (12.25)
, , , , :
. (12.26)
. (12.27)
(12.11)
. (12.28)
:
. (12.29)
. , , , , , .
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|
63
64. () -, , . .
.
b
ci + b → ' + b' + c1 + c2 +...+ cn :
L- ();
S- ():
- ();
- ().
, .. b = 0, b = mbc2, 4- a{pa,Ea/c} b{0, mb}.
: ∑pi = 0.
, : p* + b* = 0 ( *).
. (ISR, ) , ( 15).
( ) , .. = 0, = m2. 4- a{0,mac} b{b, b/}.
: L- , - b, - , .
, .
. , . .
, , . , x,y,z,ct -. 4- (x,y,z,ct) , - (x*, *, z*, ct*).
- L-
4- {x1x2x3x4} L-, = L-1A*. A*{x1*x2*x3*x4*} 4- -.
L-e -e: * = LA,
.
- , v * . L- -
= γ(x* + vt), y = y*, z = z*, ,
4- *(x*y*z**) - L-
L-1 4- : = γ(x* + βcE*), = py*, z =z*.
= γ(* + βcp*).
4- (pxpypzE) L- - L
|
|
4-: * = γ( βc), * = , pz* = pz,
* = γ( βcp).
4.2.
1. 4- {, E}, 4- 2 = 2 2 = m2
4- .
2. , :
; ,
mi, mj .
3.
;
4. . i,
: , , i, .
5. .
≈
Δ Δη.
dσ/dy :
dσ/dy y = y + y*;
ch y = (ey + e-y)/2;
sh y = (ey e-y)/2.
"" ymin ym :
6. s, t, u :
s= ( + b)2; t = ( a c)2; u = ( b )2.
7. , . 4- .
ize:
δ- 4-.
(s) = ∫di.
.
65. ( ). , .
, , :
, , :
, , .
, :
:
.
[] (n-1,1)
-
.
, . , . -
,
,
.
,
, -.
, , , :
.
, , , . , ( ).
, .
4-
, , . , :
|
|
4- 1- -,
.
66