V = k x CAa x CBb,
V ;
CA CB ;
k , , ;
b .
. , .
-:
10 2 4 .
,
Vt2 Vt1 - t2 t1;
γ - .
, .
Na2S2O3 c H2SO4.
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O
. , , . , .
1.
(1, 2, 3) Na2S2O3 . :
3 Na2S2O3;
2 Na2S2O3 1 H2O;
1 Na2S2O3 2 H2O.
1 H2SO4.
Na2S2O3 1 H2SO4 , . 1.
1. 1
| , | Na2S2O3 | , . | V=1/t | |||
| Na2S2O3 | H2O | H2SO4 | ||||
| - | ||||||
, Na2S2O3 (), V=1/t. .
/ .
2.
|
|
|
, 100.
(1, 2, 3) 2 Na2S2O3, 2 H2SO4.
3 t10, . , .
t20, t30.
2.
2. 2.
| , t0, | , t . | V=1/t | |
, , V=1/t. .
Y :
1. :
) N2() + O2() = 2NO()
) CH4() + 22() = 2() + 22()
) 22S() + 3O2() = 2SO2() + 22()
) Fe2O3() + 3H2() = Fe() + 32()
2. SO2 O2 :
2 SO2() + O2 = 2SO3()
SO2 0,5 /, O2 0,3 /, k = 0,4. ?
3. 100 400, 2?
22
: .
:
,
,
FeCI3, NH4CNS,
NH4CI,
.
, (V.) (V.) .
+ b =
V. = V
k * [A]a x [B]b = k.* [AB]c
[A], [B], [AB] , /;
a, b, c .
k /k= . , , .
: , :
= 
: - , , . :
, , - , , , .
.
|
|
|
(III) FeCI3 NH4CNS :
FeCI3 + 3NH4CNS = Fe(CNS)3 + 3NH4CI
-
.
40 1-2 FeCI3 NH4CNS. . .
4 . 2-3 FeCI3, 2-3 NH4CNS, NH4CI.
, . .
, .
.
1. ?
2. ?
23
pH
: pH - .
:
pH - ,
,
NaCI, Na2Co3, NH4CI, HCI, NaOH,
,
, 50-100 .
, , , , , :
H2O H+ + OH
, K :
K = 
=1,8×1016
[+] [] - + - /,
[2] - , /. , ( 555 ), , .,
[H2O] = 
=55,55 /
[H+] × [OH] = K × [H2O] = 1,8 × 1016 × 55,56 =1014
..[H+] × [OH] = 1014
(22○) .
, H+ OH, . H+ OH. . .
[H+] = [] = 107 -
+] > 107 > [] -
[+] < 107 < [] - .
, pH.
= lg [H+]
pH = 7,
pH < 7,
pH > 7
.
N, .. . , [H+] .
|
|
|
.
