.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


- (Roman-Germanic legal system Civil Law system)




 

- - . - . - . ,


 


: - . : , , , . , , , , . . - . .

 

(Anglo-Saxon legal system Common Law System)

 

- ( ), , , , - . . . to stand by the things decided ( , stare decisis ), -, - . - ( ). . , - , , - - - .

 

. (Participle II)

 

V + ed or V3f

 

- --, --, -- . - .

 

Example: applied in various forms () ,

 

referred to , written code , enacted by -

().

 

.

 

, ; , ; ; ,


 


; , ; , ; - ; , .

 

-.

 

1. When legislators create laws they use the system of courts (to back) by the power of the police to enforce these laws.

 

2. Common law is applied in approximately 80 countries which were a part of or greatly (to influence) by the former British Empire.

 

3. Until the time of King Henry II reign customary laws were (to admin-ister) locally.

 

4. The order (to establish) in the country improved the situation.

 

5. The English common law reflects Biblical influences as well as sys-tems (to impose) by early conqurors including the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, and Normans.

 

6. Rules and doctrines (to develop) by the judges of earlier English courts were (to supplement) or (to amend) over time.

 

7. The new law (to establish) on the territory of entire England soon became common.

 

8. The letter (to write) by a junior lawyer should not be sent to the client because of its improper style.

 

9. The review on the UK Civil Procedure (to take) from the website was of great importance for his report.

 

10. Courses on Legal English (to offer) online have become very popular

today.

 

 

UNIT 3. LEGAL SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD: RELIGIOUS AND CUSTOMARY LAW SYSTEMS

 

TEXT 1

 

Religious Law

 

Vocabulary

1. predominantly ,

2. the main common feature

 

3. to aim to cover all areas of life

 

4. revolutionary council

5. nonetheless ,


 


.

1. What do numbers 50, 900, 450 mean in the text?

 

2. What legal systems do Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates belong to?

 

 

Muslim Law is an autonomous legal system which is of a religiousnature and predominantly based on the Koran. The number of Muslim countries is growing (now there are more than 50 Muslim states the population of which is about 900 million people), and the main common feature is not merely spiritual: the Islamic religion aims to cover all areas of life. Countries belonging to this system are: Saudi Arabia, Syria, Sudan, Turkey, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and others.

 

In its strongest formulation, some Islamic scholars state that law cannot exist outside religion and therefore the state has no power to legislate. But in practice the religion is found in the countries with very different histories, where formal legal systems differ much.

 

Hindu Law. Unrivalled in age, the Hindu law found in India, Nepal,Pakistan, Malaysia and parts of East Africa is contained in a literature which is vast and complex. In the countries mentioned, however, it governs only personal and family relations and its family law has been codified and much amended, especially in India. Nonetheless it can affect the lives of some 450 million people.

 





:


: 2016-11-02; !; : 1126 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1647 - | 1509 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.013 .