.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, : . , . , , , , , , , . . . . . . , .

22 , , , .

21 . . // , 1996, 1, . 171.

22 . . . . . . , . ., 1998.

, , , , , .

, , . , , . , Too many cooks spoil the broth [ ] 12 (!) :

;

, ;

, ;

;

() ;

;

;

;

, ;

;

- ;

.

, , , , , .

:

Prevention is better than cure [ , ];

One cannot be too careful [ ];

Safety first [ ]. :

, ;

() .

, , , . : . :

;

. :

Walls have ears [ ];

The floor is yours! [ ! (. !)];

148

Easier said than done [ , ]; to ride a hobby-horse [ ]. :

() () ;

, ;

, ;

;

, .

, , .

:

Silence is golden [ ];

Brevity is the soul of wit [ ];

First think; then speak [ , ];

A word to the wise [ ];

Still waters run deep [ ]. :

, ;

;

. :

A penny for your thoughts? [ () ?]. :

;

.

, , .

:

It takes all sorts to make a world [ , ];

Variety is the spice of life [ ];

Tastes differ [ ];

Every man to his taste [ ];

There is no accounting for tastes [ ];

One man's meat is another man's poison [ , ];

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder [ ]. :

- ;

;

.

, , , .

: . :

, ;

;

, . : . :

.

, , . . , , .

, . :

1. , : , , , , , .

2. , , : , , , , , , , , , , , , .

3. , , : , , , , . 23.

, , , , , , . , . , , , -

23 . . . . . . , . ., 1998, . 132-133.

. , .

: , , , u. , , , you , . , ( , ), , . : ! . : , ", , " 24. : " " , , (. . ). :

: ... . ... , .

( )

, , :

. - . , , , , , ". , , ". , , , 25.

, , , , .

, , - -

24 . . , 4 // , 1999, 27.

25 , 20.11.1996.

. . : , , , . - : s , , .

:

Usually referring to a person as we express our respect. Traditionally we say to people who are older than we are (thus, through language children learn to respect elderly people from the very beginning).

, . , ( , ).

:

du () De () 60- XX ( ) , . , , . . 70- , - , du, De . du. , Professor. ( ), , De , (.: , , though ''), .

, , , , , , , ( ), : ...the same in the case when the Russians use the second person pronoun

for all relatives. I was shocked for the first time when I heard a small boy playing in the park, calling his mother by . Then I accepted it. In our culture, if a person is older than you, you always have to use the equivalent form of . When one of my

... , , . , , , , . . , , , . , , , . , , .

Russian friends visited me and I addressed my mother using , which is absolutely normal, she was shocked. Then she further added to my knowledge that if they used for their close relatives the latter might even

feel insulted.

( )

, :

, . , , 26.

you, - . , , , you. , , . , , , , .

, , . , , , , . . . , : " 27. , you.

. , : -- (--), --(--), -- (--), -- . , (bird [] birdie [], girl [] girlie [] ), , ( -).

, , , . , ( ) , . , , - , .

26, 1998, 43 (256).

27 . . . . ., 1998, . 46.

, . , , ? (!) : Are you still alive, my dear little old woman?

, - : , , , , . .; , , , , , ; : , , , , , ; , , , ; , , ; : , , , , ; , , , . . little dear little: little at [. ], dear little dog [. ], dear little fork/spoon/frying pan [. / /] ...

, , . , . , , : , , , . . ( ), . .

, , , , : . , , - . .

, , , : , , .

, . , .

- . , 28.

, ( ) , , , , . , , , - , , . , , , ,

28 3. . // IX . , . . 2. , 1999, . 179.

. : , . :

, , , , , , ( ) 29.

: . , , , : , : , . , dear little corridor dear little hospital, , - , , . , , .

, (overstatement), , (understatement), , , , .

, , , , , , (?) . : , , . .

, . , : Dear John! Dear Smith! Dear Sir/Madam! : , , Dear Svetlana,?!

Aeroflot :

( . . .) , -: 100 000! Most of the wolves alive today over 100.000 of them roam the vast wildland of Russia.
  (Aeroflot, 1996, 16, p. 67)
. ! Local businessmen also observe this rite. They have the Camb blessed and take it to an orphanage as an act of charity.
  (Ibid., 1998, 5, p. 20)

29 . . . ., 1995, . 197.

! <...> ! Dear Passengers, <...> See you soon in sunny Armenia. (Ibid., p. 29)

, :

, ! Be sure of vacancy!

He ! Don't throw waste into closet!

, , .

, , .

: ! !

: ! !

.

, , . . (7 ) , . (10 ) 8 ( : , ).

!

!!! !!! !!! !!!

!!! ! !

8 !!! ( )!!! !

!!!

, , , . , .

-- :

Your Labour City Council is well known for the quality of its services and

the innovative ways of delivering them. That's an achievement to be proud of!

! , !

Dear Miss D. Welcome to the Liberal Démocrates! We have received your subscription of... A form is attached below for your convenience! ., -! ... !
Labor want to introduce a Graduate Tax so that Graduates will pay a higher income tax rate than the rest of the population! , , !
The Winter Draw is the last draw before the election, and your last chance to help the Liberal Democrats by entering the draw: Definitely! , . !
The Party's Women's organisation open to men too! Our Party headquarters at Cowley Street can help you. We are here to help! ! , , . , !

, :

Richard . G. Stephenson New address for me! . . !
Open Day Room change!! Room change!! now in room A 25 !! !! 25

, - , .

, , - , :

Dear S.,

Nice to hear from you recently! I wish you had a wonderful trip to Australia! Thanks for your understanding about my suggestions at the January meeting!

Warm wishes!

.,

! , ! , ! !

, , - , Warm wishes! (overstatement) . (, ! , ...) . , , !

30 , , , . , : : , , , , ; , , , " . "

(. . , 0. . , . . , . . . . , 1989, . 116). (overstatement) , . -, , , -, . .

. . , ( ), , , , , .

, , , , : ; ; ; ; . , (Kate loves Pete), , . / , , , .

, , , , -, , , , , . , , , .

, , , . , : Ladies and gentlmen, ! Iadies : . , men and women.

, , , , ; gentlemen, ladies. , boys and girls, . , , , , . , , .

-, , : wife and I [ ], husband and I [ ], , -

. - , : , , .

, , , , , , , , , . , , , , - , , , ( ) , ( )? , , .

. . :

-;

,

;

.

,

.

, , ?! (a , an ) ( - - ), ( , ). ( ) , !

. . : , , , , , 31.

, . , , , , , - .

. . , :

31 . . . . ., 1992, . 181.

Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam

Im Norden auf kahler Höh'.

Ihn schläfert; mit weißer Decke

Umhüllen ihn Eis und Schnee.

Er träumt von einer Palme,

Die, fern im Morgenland,

Einsam und schweigend trauert

Auf brennender Felsenwand.

... :

, ,

, , .

, ,

, ,

.

, - ( , ) a cedar - a palm-tree, . : ein Fichtenbaum ( ), eine Palme ( ). , , , .

, , , , .

- , , .

, , , , .

, .

, , .

, , . , . , .





:


: 2016-11-02; !; : 457 |


:

:

: , .
==> ...

1975 - | 1597 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.122 .