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22 , , , .
21 . . // , 1996, 1, . 171.
22 . . . . . . , . ., 1998.
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Prevention is better than cure [ , ];
One cannot be too careful [ ];
Safety first [ ]. :
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Walls have ears [ ];
The floor is yours! [ ! (. !)];
148
Easier said than done [ , ]; to ride a hobby-horse [ ]. :
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;
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Silence is golden [ ];
Brevity is the soul of wit [ ];
First think; then speak [ , ];
A word to the wise [ ];
Still waters run deep [ ]. :
, ;
;
. :
A penny for your thoughts? [ () ?]. :
;
.
, , .
:
It takes all sorts to make a world [ , ];
Variety is the spice of life [ ];
Tastes differ [ ];
Every man to his taste [ ];
There is no accounting for tastes [ ];
One man's meat is another man's poison [ , ];
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder [ ]. :
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23 . . . . . . , . ., 1998, . 132-133.
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24 . . , 4 // , 1999, 27.
25 , 20.11.1996.
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Usually referring to a person as we express our respect. Traditionally we say to people who are older than we are (thus, through language children learn to respect elderly people from the very beginning).
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du () De () 60- XX ( ) , . , , . . 70- , - , du, De . du. , Professor. ( ), , De , (.: , , though ''), .
, , , , , , , ( ), : ...the same in the case when the Russians use the second person pronoun
for all relatives. I was shocked for the first time when I heard a small boy playing in the park, calling his mother by . Then I accepted it. In our culture, if a person is older than you, you always have to use the equivalent form of . When one of my
... , , . , , , , . . , , , . , , , . , , .
Russian friends visited me and I addressed my mother using , which is absolutely normal, she was shocked. Then she further added to my knowledge that if they used for their close relatives the latter might even
feel insulted.
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you, - . , , , you. , , . , , , , .
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. , : -- (--), --(--), -- (--), -- . , (bird [] birdie [], girl [] girlie [] ), , ( -).
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26, 1998, 43 (256).
27 . . . . ., 1998, . 46.
, . , , ? (!) : Are you still alive, my dear little old woman?
, - : , , , , . .; , , , , , ; : , , , , , ; , , , ; , , ; : , , , , ; , , , . . little dear little: little at [. ], dear little dog [. ], dear little fork/spoon/frying pan [. / /] ...
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28 3. . // IX . , . . 2. , 1999, . 179.
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: . , , , : , : , . , dear little corridor dear little hospital, , - , , . , , .
, (overstatement), , (understatement), , , , .
, , , , , , (?) . : , , . .
, . , : Dear John! Dear Smith! Dear Sir/Madam! : , , Dear Svetlana,?!
Aeroflot :
( . . .) , -: 100 000! | Most of the wolves alive today over 100.000 of them roam the vast wildland of Russia. |
(Aeroflot, 1996, 16, p. 67) | |
. ! | Local businessmen also observe this rite. They have the Camb blessed and take it to an orphanage as an act of charity. |
(Ibid., 1998, 5, p. 20) |
29 . . . ., 1995, . 197.
! <...> ! | Dear Passengers, <...> See you soon in sunny Armenia. (Ibid., p. 29) |
, :
, ! Be sure of vacancy!
He ! Don't throw waste into closet!
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, , . . (7 ) , . (10 ) 8 ( : , ).
!
!!! !!! !!! !!!
!!! ! !
8 !!! ( )!!! !
!!!
, , , . , .
-- :
Your Labour City Council is well known for the quality of its services and
the innovative ways of delivering them. That's an achievement to be proud of!
! , !
Dear Miss D. Welcome to the Liberal Démocrates! We have received your subscription of... A form is attached below for your convenience! | ., -! ... ! |
Labor want to introduce a Graduate Tax so that Graduates will pay a higher income tax rate than the rest of the population! | , , ! |
The Winter Draw is the last draw before the election, and your last chance to help the Liberal Democrats by entering the draw: Definitely! | , . ! |
The Party's Women's organisation open to men too! Our Party headquarters at Cowley Street can help you. We are here to help! | ! , , . , ! |
, :
Richard . G. Stephenson New address for me! | . . ! |
Open Day Room change!! Room change!! now in room A 25 | !! !! 25 |
, - , .
, , - , :
Dear S.,
Nice to hear from you recently! I wish you had a wonderful trip to Australia! Thanks for your understanding about my suggestions at the January meeting!
Warm wishes!
.,
! , ! , ! !
, , - , Warm wishes! (overstatement) . (, ! , ...) . , , !
30 , , , . , : : , , , , ; , , , " . "
(. . , 0. . , . . , . . . . , 1989, . 116). (overstatement) , . -, , , -, . .
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, , , , : ; ; ; ; . , (Kate loves Pete), , . / , , , .
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, , , . , : Ladies and gentlmen, ! Iadies : . , men and women.
, , , , ; gentlemen, ladies. , boys and girls, . , , , , . , , .
-, , : wife and I [ ], husband and I [ ], , -
. - , : , , .
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31 . . . . ., 1992, . 181.
Ein Fichtenbaum steht einsam
Im Norden auf kahler Höh'.
Ihn schläfert; mit weißer Decke
Umhüllen ihn Eis und Schnee.
Er träumt von einer Palme,
Die, fern im Morgenland,
Einsam und schweigend trauert
Auf brennender Felsenwand.
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