.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


: 1992-1999




, , , , , ( .: . II, . 1, 1). , , , 90- XX , .

, 1992 . . I , , , , : 1) , 2) .

200 16-23 . . , , , (, ) , , , , , : .

1992 . , smile ''. (, , ) 1992 , , , , .

, , .

1. , ( , ):

1. Smile [] (27%).

2. Freedom [] (20%).

3. Rich [], m [] (13%).

4. Skyscraper [] (12%).

5. Business [uec], Hollywood [], Statu of Liberty [ ] (11%).

6. Cars [], pragmatism [] (10%).

7. Dollar [], President [], friendly [], cheerful

[] (9%).

8. New York [-], uninhibited [ ], great / large [/], loud [] (8%).

9. Kind [], domineering [, ] (7%).

10. White House [ ], independence [], comfort [], supermarket [], health [], hospitable [] (6%).

.

2. :

1. Smiling [].

2. Pragmatic [], business-like [].

3. Friendly [], cheerful [], jayful [].

4. Uninhibited [ ], loud [].

5. Kind [], domineering [, ].

6. Hospitable [], gregarious [],50// [].

7. Unceremonious [], unintellectual [], uneducated [], poorly read [ ], wonderful [], nice [].

8. Superficial [], self-confident [ ], boastful [], energetic [], interesting [].

9. Strange [], different [], crazy [], like Russians [ ], hard working [], patriotic [], family-loving [ ], naive [], childish [].

10. Brave [], open [], health-concerned/obsessed [ ], travel-minded [ ], scientific [], logical [], insincere [], cruel/ merciless [/], fat [], greedy [], self-indulgent [], bright [].

3. :

1. Freedom [].

2. Wealth [], money [].

3. Business [].

4. Cars [].

5. Dollar [], President [].

6. Independence [], supermarket [], chewing-gum [ ].

7. Power [], democracy [], advertisements [].

8. Justice [], prosperity [], immigrants [], elections [], universities [], popcorn [-], Big Mac [ ], -la [-].

9. Job [], houses [], music [], contrasts [], native Americans [, ], farmers [], hamburger [], beer [], orange juice [ ], home video [ ].

W.Banjo [], suburbs [ , ].

4. , :

1. Skyscrapers [].

2. Ocean [].

3. World [].

4. Highways [], motorways [].

5. National parks [ ].

5. :

1. Hollywood [], Statue of Liberty [ ].

2. New York [-].

3. White House [ ].

4. Disneyland [], Washington [].

5. Los Angeles [-], California [].

6. San Francisco [-], Marlboro [], Colorado [].

7. Boston [], Pentagon [], Broadway [], Harlem [].

8. Centra/ Park [ ], Long Island [-], Yale University [ ].

9. McDonald's [], Bush [], Mark Twain

[ ].

10. Clinton [], 'nr ['], Hemingway [], Harvard University [ ].

11. Salinger [], Chicago Bulls [ ], MTV [], Bruce Springsteen [ ], NBA [], Michael Jackson [ ].

12. Monroe [], Jane Fonda [ ], New York Rangers [- ].

, , , , , -

(, ) . , , , . , , , , , , , , , . .

, , ( : , ...). . - : , , , . , , , .

. .

1. :

1. Great [], vast [], huge [], large [] (26%).

2. Motherland [], patriotism [] (24%).

3. Culture [], history [], mess [], chaos [], vodka [] (23%).

4. Mysterious [], strange [], soul [] (18%).

5. [], mother [], friends [] (15%).

6. Moscow [], Orthodox Church [ ] (19%).

7. Dirty [], grey [] (12%).

8. The Kremlin [] (10%).

9. Poor [], hope [], potentials [ ], great future [ ] (9%).

10. Red Square [ ], gentle [], kind [], crisis [], fools [], stupid [] (7%).

2. :

1. Friendly [], intelligent [].

2. Gentle [], kind [], foolish [], stupid [].

3. Rude [], gloomy [], talkative [], hospitable [].

4. Worried [], sad [], unhappy [], serious [], patient [], resourceful [ ].

5. Healthy [], beautiful [], charitable [].

6. Sense of humour [ ], cheerful [], unsmiling [].

7. Big and strong [ ], powerful [], wicked [], crooks [].

8. Trustful [], deep [], coarse [], dull [], brave [], nice [], generous [].

9. Wonderful [], reckless [], interesting [].

3. :

1. Mess [], chaos [], vodka [].

2. Poverty [], lines (queues) [], [].

3. Crisis [].

4. Market [], communism [], civil war [ ].

5. Inflation [], instability [], difficulties [], masochism [], children [].

6. Violence [], democrats [], pension [], food [], President [], parliament [], rouble [].

7. Begging army [ ], three-colour flag [ ].

8. Survival [], debates [], trolley-buses [].

4. , :

1. Roads [].

2. Forest [].

3. Birch-trees [].

4. Steppe [].

5. Villages [].

6. Rivers [].

7. Big cemeteries [ ].

5. :

1. Moscow [].

2. The Kremlin [].

3. Red Square [ ].

4. Moscow State University [ ].

5. Ivan [], Leningrad [], Tchaikovsky [], Dostoevsky [],

Siberia [], Yeltsin [], Gorbachev [].

6. St. Petersburg [-], Arbat [], Bolshoi Theatre [ Teap], St. Basil's Cathedral [ ].

7. The Volga [], Pushkin [], Lenin [].

8. Suvorov [], Dmitry Donskoy [ ], Moscow suburbs [, ].

1995 , , I .

1. :

  2 ( )    
1. Smile [] (27%). 1. Hollywood [] (26%).
2.   Freedom [] (20%).   2. Statue of Liberty [ ] (21%).
3.   Rich [], money [] (13%). 3.   Smile [] (19%).  
4.: Skyscrapers [] (12%). 4. New York [-] (16%).
5. Business [], Hollywood 5. Dollar [],
  [], Statue of Liberty   McDonald's []
  [ ] (11%).   (13%).
6. Cars [], pragmatism 6. Bill Clinton []
  [] (10%).   (11%).
7. Dollar [], President [- 7. Freedom [],
  ], friendly [],   Washington [],
  cheerful [] (9%).   rich [] (10%).
8. New York [-], 8. Skyscrapers [],
  uninhibited [   business [],
  ], great/large   uninhibited [
  [/], loud   ], baseball
  [] (8%).   [] (9%).
9. Kind [], domineering 9. White House [ ],
  [] (7%).   cowboys [], Disneyland
      [] (8%).
10. White House [ ], 10. Talkative [],
  independence [],   drugs [] (6%).
  comfort [],    
  supermarket [],      
  health [], hospitable      
  [] (6%).      

, , , , .

, 1992 , McDonald's [], Bill Clinton [ ], Washington [], baseball [], cowboys [], Disneyland [], talkative [], drugs []. , , -

, .

, cars [], pragmatism [], friendly [], cheerful [], great/large [/], loud [], kind [], domineering [], comfort [], supermarket [], health [], hospitable [], independence [].

: . , ( ) . , . ( , ) . , .

1995 :

2. :

1992 ( )  
1. Smiling []. 1. Smile [].
2. Pragmatic [], 2. Uninhibited [ -
  business-like [].   ].
3. Friendly [], cheerful 3. Talkative [].
  [], joyful [].    
4. Uninhibited [ 4. Easy-going [].
  ], loud [].    
5. Kind [], domineering 5. Crazy [], noisy
  [].   [], energetic [-
      ], sociable [],
      optimistic [],
      open people [ ],
      punctual [],
      cheerful [].
6. Hospitable [], 6. Proud [], hardworking
  gregarious [], sociable   [], enterprising
  [].   [],
      straightforward [],
      patriotic [].
7. Unceremonious [- 7. Lazy [], loud
  ], unintellectual [-   [].
  ], uneducated [-    
  ], poorly read [-    
  ], wonderful [-    
  ], nice [].    
8.     Superficial [], selfconfident [ ]. boastful [], energetic [], interesting []. 8.     Vulgar [], relaxed [].    
9. Strange [], different [ ], crazy []. like Russians [ ], hard working [ ], patriotic [], family - loving [ ], naive [], childish []. 9. Smart [].
    10. Cold [].
10. Brave [], n [, ], healthconcerned/obsessed [ ], travelminded [ - ], scientific [], logical [], insincere [], cruel/merciless [/],/? [], greedy [], self-indulgent [], bright []    

3. :

1992 ( )  
1. Freedom []. 1. Dollar [].
2. Wealth [], money []. 2. Freedom [].
3. Business []. 3. Business [].
4. Cars []. 4. Baseball [].
5. Dollar [], President []. 5. Cowboys [].
6.     Independence [], supermarket []. chewing-gum [ ]. .     Drugs [].    
7.   Power [], democracy [], advertisements [].   7.   Fast food [ (-)], Coca-Cola [-], Halloween [ ], immigrants [].
8.   Justice [], prosperity [], immigrants [], elections [], universities [], popcorn [-], Big Mac [ ], Coca-Cola [-]. 8.   Different nations [ ], hamburgers [], Indians [], football [], chewing gum [ ], sex-revolution [ ]
9. Job [paoa], houses [], music [ya], contrasts [pac], native Americans [, e], farmers [], hamburger [], beer [], orange juice [ ], home video [ ]. 9. Film [] li [], wealth [], free enterpise [ ], dirty streets [ ], music [], violence [].
10. Banjo [], suburbs [ , ]. 10. Sport shoes [ ], school bus [ ], casino [], rugby [], drivers license from 15, 16 years old [ 15-16 ].
4. , :    
1992 ( )  
1. Skyscrapers []. 1. Skyscrapers [].
2. Ocean []. 2. Lakes [].
3. World []. 3. Large [], batiful [], heat [].
4. Highways [occe], motorways []. 4. Highway [].  
5. National parks [ ].        
5. :    
1992 ( )  
1. Hollywood [], Statue of Liberty [ ]. 1. Hollywood [].
2. New York [-].   2. The Statue of Liberty [ ].
3. White House [ ]. 3. New York [-],
4. Disneyland [], Washington []. 4. McDonald's [].
5. Los Angeles [-], California []. 5. Bill Clinton [ ].
6. Son Francisco [-], Marlboro [], Colorado []. 6. Washington [].
7. Boston [], Pentagon [], Broadway [], Harlem [].   7. White House [ ], Disneyland [], Marlboro [], Michael Jackson [ ].
8. Central Park [ ], 8. Harvard [], USA [],
  Long Island [-], Yale University [ ].   Harley Davidson [ ].  
9. McDonald's [], Bush [], Mark Twain [ ]. 9.     Broadway [], Los Ange- les, LA [-], Ontario [], Colorado [].
10. Clinton [], O'Henry ['], Hemingway [], Harvard University [ ]. 10.     , Las Vegas [-], Montana State [ ], Roosevelt [], Denver [], Son Francisco [-], Ford [].
  Salinger [], Chicago Bulls [ ], TV [], Bruce Springsteen [ ], NBA [], Michael Jackson [ ].      
  Monroe [], Jane Fonda [ ], New York Rangers [- ].      
:      

1. :

1992 ( )  
1. Great [], rast [], huge [], large [] (26%). 1.     Red Square [ ] (31%).
2.   Motherland [], patriotism [] (24%). 2.   Moscow [] (29%).  
3.     Culture [], history [- ], mess [], chaos [], vodka [] (23%). 3.     Kremlin [] (27%).    
4.   Mysterious [], strange [], soul [] (18%). 4.   Vodka [] (20%).  
5.   [], mother [], friends [] (15%). 5.   Hospitable [] (16%).
6.   Moscow [], Orthodox Church [ ] (13%). 6.   Winter [] (14%).  
7.   Dirty [], gr [] (12%). 7.   Churches [], beautiful na- ture [ ] (10%).
8.     Kremlin [] (10%).     8.     MSU (Moscow State University) [ ( - )] (9%).
9. Poor [], hope [], potentials [ ], great future [ ] (9%). 9. Boris Yeltsin [ ], forests [], Lenin [] (7%).
10. Red Square [ ], gentle [], kind [], crisis [], fools [], stupid [] (7%). 10. New Russians [ ], home [], great persons [ ], dirty streets [ ] (6%).

(1992-1995) Red Square [ ] . Moscow [] Kremlin [] . Vodka [] , New Russians [ ], beautiful nature [ ], Boris Yeltsin [ ], hospitable []. , , mess [], chaos [], fools [], stupid [], crisis []. culture [], history [], hope [], potentials [ ], great future [ ]. :

2. :

1992 ( )  
1. Friendly [], intelligent []. 1. Hospitable [].
2. Gentle [], kind [], foolish [], stupid []. 2. Lazy [], kind [].
3. Rude [], gloomy [], talkative [], hospitable []. 3. Honest [], patient [], rude [], religious [], sense of humour [ ], open [].
4. Worried [], sad [], unhappy [], serious [], patient [], resourceful [ ]. 4. Educated [], open-hearted [], simple [].
5. Healthy [], beautiful [], charitable []. 5. Cheerful [], sensitive [], enduring [].
. Sense of humour [ ], cheerful [], unsmiling []. 6. Dangerous [].
7. Big and strong [ ], powerful [], wicked [], crooks []. 7. Respect to other nations [ ], unpredictable [], crazy [].
8. Trustful [], deep [], coarse [], dull [], brave [], nice [], generous []. 8. Angry people [ ], alcoholics [].
9. Wonderful [], reckless [], interesting []. 9. Friendly [], poor [], uneducated [].
    10. Nationalistic [], unsmiling [].

3. :

1992 ( )  
1. Mess [], chaos [], vodka []. 1. Vodka [].
2. Poverty [], lines (queues) [], hope []. 2. Winter [], churches [].
3. Crisis []. 3. New Russians [ ], dirty streets [ ].
4. Market [], communism [], civil war [ ]. 4. Drunkards [], communism [], perestroyka [], political changes [ ], difficult life [ ], mafia [], balalaika [], samovar [], pretty girls [ ].
5. Inflation [], instability [], difficulties [], masochism [], children []. 5. Bread and salt [-], national songs [ ], troubles [], revolution [].
6. Violence [], democrats [], pension [], food [], President [], parliament [], rouble []. 6. Bath-house [], customs [], traditions [].
7. Begging army [ ], three-colour flag [ ]. 7. Pancakes [], lmeni [], borshch [].
8. Survival [], debates [], trolley-buses []. 8. New capitalism [ ], rich culture [ ], writers [],

  good literature [ ], very great culture [ ], music [].
9. Hockey [], high prices [ ].
  No opportunities for young people [ ], no laws [ a], crowded transport [ ], imitation of the West [ ], chaos [].

4. , :

1992 ( )  
1. Roads []. 1. Winter [].
2. Forest []. 2. Beautiful nature [
      ].
3. Birch-trees []. 3. Forests [].
4. Steppe []. 4. Cold weather [ ].
5. Villages []. 5. Long distances [
      ], bear [],
      villages [], large area
      [ ], birch
      [].
6. Rivers []. 6.. Architecture [].
7. Big cemeteries [ 7. Fields [].
  ]. 8. Great valleys [ ].
        9.   Taiga [], golden domes [ ].
    10.     Roads [], fields [], beautiful country [ ].

5. :

1992 ( )  
1. Moscow []. 1. Red Square [ ].
2. The Kremlin []. 2. Moscow [].
3. Red Square [ ]. 3. Kremlin [].
4. Moscow State University 4. MSU (Moscow State University)
5. [ ]. Ivan [], Leningrad [], Tchaikovsky [], Dostoevsky [], Siberia [], Yeltsin [], Gorbachev []. 5. [ ( )]. Boris Yeltsin [ ], Lenin [].
6. St Petersburg [-], Arbat [], Bolshoi Theatre 6. Saint Petersburg [-].
  [ ], St. Basil's Cathedral [ 7. Siberia [], Pushkin [].
  ]. 8. Stalin [], Arbat [],
7. The Volga [], Pushkin [], Lenin [].   Dostoevsky [], the Bolshoi Theatre [ ],
8. Suvorov [], Dmitry   Peter the First [ ].
  Donskoy [ ], 9. Moscow [], Alexander
  Moscow suburbs [, ].   Nevsky [ ], Dmitry Donskoy [
      ].
    10. Tolstoy [], GUM [], Zhiguli (a car) [ ()], USSR [], Chechnya [].

1998 :

1. :

1. New York [-] (35%).

2. The Statue of Liberty [ ] (33%).

3. Bill Clinton [ ] (27%).

4. Smile [], Hollywood [] (22%).

5. McDonald's [] (19%).

6. Freedom [] (18%).

7. Washington D.. [ ()] (11%).

8. Skyscrapers [], business [] (10%).

9. George Washington [ ], friendly [], dollars [], hamburgers [], Coca-Cola [-] (8,5%).

10. White House [ ], baseball [], basketball [], Disney and Disneyland [ ] (6,5%).

1998 :

2. :

1. Smiling [].

2. Friendly [].

3. Democratic [], proud [], self-confident [ ], patriotic [].

4. Funny [], happy [], stupid [], healthy [], long [], noisy [].

5. Proud [], self-important [], greedy [], fussy [], communicative [].

6. Warm [], rude [], quick [].

7. Unfriendly [], cheerful [], good-natured [ ].

8. Hypocrisy [], racism [].

9. Militant [], overworking [ ], borrowing brains [ ], angry [].

3. :

1. Freedom [].

2. Business [].

3. Coca-Cola [-], hamburgers [], dollars [].

4. Basketball [], baseball [], cowboys [].

5. Fast food [ (-)], football [], jeans [], cars [], hot dogs [-].

6. President [], money [], popcorn [-], music [], states [], Independence Day [ ].

7. Pop culture [-], NBA (National Basketball Association) [ ( )], films [], film stars [], different nations [ ], American dream [ ], independence [], black people [], fat people [].

8. Junk food [, ], Indians [], bikers [], teenagers [], green card [ ], divorce [], industry [], lack of culture [ ], education [].

9. Supermarkets [], pizza [], drugs [], very expensive medicines [ ], bank [], traffic [ ], universities [].

10. Beer [], turkey [], cheeseburgers [], chewing gum [ ], mess [], prosperity [], sex [], discrimination [], a possibility to earn money honestly [ ], farmers [], t-shirts [], free style of clothes [ ].

4. , :

1. Skyscrapers [].

2. Ocean [].

3. Highways []. 4. Tornado [].

5. Big avenues [ ], large streets [ ].

6. Green grass [ ].

7. National parks [ ].

5. :

1. New York [-].

2. Statue of Liberty [ ]. 3. Bill Clinton [ ].

4. Hollywood [].

5. McDonald's [].

6. Washington [].

7. George Washington [ ].

8. White House [ ], Disney and Disneyland [ -

9. Columbus [], Abraham Lincoln [ ], John Kennedy [ ], Michael Jackson [ ], California [].

10. Elvis Presley [ ], Madonna [], Los Angeles [-].

11. Alaska [], Chicago [], Stealth F-117 [ -117 ], Ronald Reagan [ ], Yale University [ ], Martin Luther King [ ], Broadway [], Vietnam [], Pentagon [], Michael Jordan [ ], Jack London [ ], Julia Roberts [ ], Mickey Mouse [ ], Budweiser [].

12 Theodor Roosevelt [ ], Hilary Clinton [ ], Uncle Sam [ ], Theodor Dreiser [ ], Hemingway [], J. F. Cooper [. . ], Mayflower [ ( )], Forrest Gump [ ], Kevin Kostner [ ], Texas [], Niagara Falls [ ], Miamy Beach [ ], Las Vegas [-], Manhattan [].

1998 :

1. :

1. Poverty [] (35%).

2. Moscow [] (32%).

3. Soul [], vodka [] (20%).

4. Birch-trees [] (18%).

5. Kremlin [], Pushkin [] (16%).

6. Rouble [], caviar [], crisis [] (15%).

7. Winter [], snow [] (14%).
8. Motherland [], culture [] (12%).
9. Mafia [], good roads [], songs [], puzzling [], unpredictable [] (10%).
10. Villages [], chastushkas [] (8%).

2. :

1. The national spirit [ yx], Russian soul [ ].
2. Love for Motherland [ ].
3. Emotinal [], sentimental [].
4. Patient [], generous [], hospitable [].
5. Talkative [], open [], kind [].
6. Puzzling [], unpredictable [].  
7. Fools [], wicked [], narrow-minded [].  
8. Gloomy [], fussy [], the mentality of a mob [ ].  
9. Unaggressive [], kind [].  
10. Melancholy [], inaccurate [], tight-minded [].  
       

3. :

1. Poverty [].  
2. Vodka [].  
3. Rouble [], caviar [], crisis [].  
4. Culture [], museums [].
5. Mafia [], good mads [], songs [].
6. Chastushkas [], laws [ ].
7. A great potential [ ], communists [], [], friends [], homeland native culture [ ], arts [], history [], roots [].
8. Dirt [], mess [], family [], hopelessness [], uncertain future [ ], far [], politics [].
9. Misery [], darkness [], humour [], books [], parliament [].
10. Balalaika [], dustbins [], unemployment [], ruins [], dirty shoes [ ], matryoshka [].
       
4. , :  
1. Birch-trees [].  
2. Vastness [].  
3. Snow [], cold [], winter [], frost [].  
4. Greenery [].  
5. Rich [], beautiful nature [ ].  
6. Villages [], fields [].  
5. :
1. Moscow [].
2. Pushkin [], Kremlin [].
3. Siberia [].
4. Ivan the Fool [-].
5. Christ the Saviour Cathedral [ ].
6. Zagorsk [].
7. Zhiguli (a car) [ ()].
8. The Siberian Barber (a film) [ ()].
9. Kiev [].
10. Sakharov [].
       

1992-1998 .

:

     
1. Smile [] (27%). 1. Hollywood [] (26%). 1. New York [-] (35%).
2. Freedom [] (20%). 2. Statue of Liberty [ ] (21%). 2. The Statue of Liberty [ ] (33%).
3. Rich [], money [] (13%). 3. Smile [] (19%). 3. Bill Clinton [ ] (27%).
4. Skyscrapers [] (12%). 4. New York [-] (16%). 4. Smile [], Hollywood [] (22%).
5. Business [], Hollywood [], Statue of Liberty [ ] (11%). 5. Dollar [], McDonald's [] (13%). 5. McDonald's [] (19%).
6. Cars [], pragmatism [] (10%). . Bill Clinton [ ] (11%). 6. Freedom [] (18%).
7. Dollar [], President 7. Freedom [], 7. Washington D. .
  [], friendly [], cheerful [] (9%).   Washington [], rich [] (10%).   [ ()] (11%).
8. New York [-], uninhibited [ ], 8. Skyscrapers [], business [], uninhibited [ 8. Skyscrapers [], business [] (10%).
     
  great/large [/], loud [] (8%).   ], baseball [] (9%).    
9. Kind [], domineering [] (7%). 9. White House [ ], cowboys [], Disnland [] (8%) 9. George Washington [ ], friendly [], dollars [], hamburgers [], -la [-] (8,5%).
10. White House [ ], independence [], comfort [], supermarket [], health [], hospitable [] (6%). 10. Talkative [], drugs [] (6%). 10. White House [ ] baseball [], basketball [], Disney and Disneyland [ ] (6,5%).

:

     
1. Great [], vast [], huge [], large [] (26%). 1. Red Square [ ] (31%). 1. Poverty [] (35%).
2. Motherland [], patriotism [] (24%) 2. Moscow [] (29%). 2. Moscow [] (32%).
3. Culture [], history [], mess [] chaos [], vodka [] (23%). 3. Kremlin [] (27%). 3. Soul [], vodka [] (20%).
4. Mysterious [], strange [], soul [] (18%). 4. Vodka [] (20%). 4. Birch-trees [] (18%).
5. [], mother [], friends [] (15%). 5. Hospitable [] (16%). 5. Kremlin [], Pushkin [] (16%).
     
6. Moscow [], Orthodox Church [ ] (13%). . Winter [] (14%). 6. Rouble [], caviar [], crisis [] (15%).
7. Dirty [], grey [] (12%). 7. Churches [], beautiful nature [ ] (10%). 7. Winter [], snow [] (14%).
8. Kremlin [] (10%). 8. MSU (Moscow State University) [ ( ] (9%). 8. Motherland [], culture [] (12%).
9. Poor [], hope [], potentials [ ], great future [ ] (9%). 9. Boris Yeltsin [ ], forests [], Lenin [] (7%). 9. Mafia [], good roads [], songs [], puzzling [], unpredictable [] (10%).
10. Red Square [ ], gentle [], kind [], crisis [], fools [], stupid [] (7%). 10. New Russians [ ], home [], great persons [ ], dirty streets [ ] (6%). 10. Villages [], chastushkas [] (8%).

1992-1998 . : smile [], New York [-], State of Liberty [ ], Hollywood [], freedom [], skyscrapers [], dollar [], White House [ ].

1998 , (1992 1995 ): rich [], uninhibited [ ], business [], : cowboys [], talkative [], cars [], pragmatism [], cheerful [], great/large [





:


: 2016-11-02; !; : 410 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1491 - | 1328 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.152 .