1. British scientists invented a___ way of multiplying and
dividing.
a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) optical
2. A new branch of mathematics,____, was invented in
England and Germany independently.
a) mechanics; b) arithmetics; c) calculus
3. A young American clerk invented a means of coding
_____ by punched cards.
a) letters; b) data; c) numbers
4. Soon punched cards were replaced by___ terminals.
a) printer; b) scanner; c) keyboard
5. Mark I was the first_____ computer that could solve
mathematical problems.
a) analog; 1?) digital; c) mechanical
6. J. von Neumann simplified his computer by storing in
formation in a_____ code.
a) analytical; b) numerical; c) binary
7. Vacuum tubes could control and____ electric signals.
a) calculate; b) amplify; c) generate
8. The first generation computers were_____ and often
burned out.
a) uncomfortable; b) uncommunicative; c) unreliable
9. Computers of the second generation used____ which
reduced computational time greatly.
a) transistors; b) integrated circuits; c) vacuum tubes
10. Due to_____ the development of the fourth generation
computers became possible.
a) microelectronics; b) miniaturization; c) microminiaturization
41 Unit 3. History of Computers
2. , (Infinitive, Gerund, Participle I, Participle II).
1. That was the machine provided with the necessary facts
about the problem to be solved.
) , .
*) , , . ) .
2. The computers designed to use 1 were called third gen-
eration computers.
)
.
) ,
.
*) , , , .
3. Mark I was the first machine to figure out mathematical
problems.
) I.
) I .
) I , .
4. Early computers using vacuum tubes could perform com-
putations in milliseconds.
■ ) , , .
■) , .
) ,
, .
. 42
5. Vacuum tubes to control and amplify electric signals were
invented by Neumann.
)
.
|
|
|
)
.
■) , , .
6. Neumann's machine called the EDVAC was designed to
store both data and instructions.
)' , EDVAC, .
-) , EDVAC, , , .
) ,
, EDVAC.
7. Computers were developed to perform calculations for
military and scientific purposes.
-) , .
)
.
)
.
8. An American clerk invented a means of coding the data
by punching holes into cards.
) .) , .
^ ) .
Unit 4 DATA PROCESSING CONCEPTS
1. 1.
data processing ['deita prou'sesirj] ()
to convert [ksn'vait] ; ( . )
to accomplish [a'komphj] , ; , .
to house ['haus] ,
to improve [im'pru:v] ,
to control [kan'troul] , ; ,
to store ['sto:] , , ()
storage [fstD:nd3] , ;
resource [n'sors] ; ; facility [fa'silrti] - ; facilities ;
equipment [I'kwipmsnt] ; ; ;
available [s'veibbl] ; ( );
display [dis'plei] ; () ;
manner ['] , ()
sequence ['sikwsns] , ()
sucessively [ssk'sesivh]
data storage hierarchy [hais'raiki] () ()
|
| 45 Unit 4. Data Processing Concepts |
. 44
to enter ['enta] ; (); ,
comprehensive groupings , ,
meaningful ['mi:ninful] ; ( )
item ['aitsm] ; record ['reko:d] , ; ,
file ['fail] ; () set ; ; ; ; ;
data base ['deita 'beis]
related [n'leitid] ; ; ( .-.)
