1. Computer ' a) the set of instructions that direct
the operations of computers;
2. Computer literacy • b) a part of a computer, entering
data into the device;
3. A program c) facts unorganized but able to be
organized;
4. Data d) the output of a data processing
system;
5. Data processing. e) possessing sufficient knowledge
of how computers work and what they can do to use them as problem-solving tools;
6. Data processing • f) a series of operations that results
in the conversion of data system into useful information;
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 48
7. Input.g) an electronic device performing
calculations on numerical data;
8. Output h) an electronic device accepting
the data processing results from the computer and displaying them;
9. Useful information i) a set of related files;
10. Data bank j) the resources required to accom-
plish the processing of data. These resources are personnel, material, facilities and equipment.
7. Проанализируйте неличные формы глагола и правильно переведите предложения.
1. Data are processed to become useful information. 2. We use the term data processing to include the resources applied for processing of information. 3. Resources required for accomplishing the processing of data are called data processing system. 4. Processing is a series of operations converting inputs into outputs. 5. Facilities are required to house the computer equipment. 6. Egyptians used the information to predict crop yields.
7. Information to be put into the computer for processing should
be coded into ones and zeroes. 8. Processing is operations on data
to convert them into useful information. 9. The first machines
designed to manipulate punched card data were widely used for
business data processing. 10. Hollerith built one machine to
punch the holes and the other to tabulate the collected data.
8. Ознакомьтесь с терминами текста 2.
manual ['maenjusl] — ручной, выполняемый вручную to take advantage of smth — воспользоваться ч.-л.
capability [,keip9'bihti] — способность; возможность; характеристика
accuracy ['sekjurasr] — точность; правильность; четкость (изображения)
correctly [ks'rektli] — правильно; верно
to eliminate [e'hmmeit] — устранять; удалять; отменять; ликвидировать
49 Unit 4. Data Processing Concepts
to make errors ['ersz] — допускать ошибки (погрешности)
error-prone — подверженный ошибкам
to remain vulnerable [n'mein 'vAlnorabl] — оставаться уязвимым, чувствительным
invalid data [m'vashd] — неверные, неправильные, недопустимые данные
communications networks — сети передачи данных; сети связи
travel ['traevsl] — перемещение; прохождение; путь; ход
instant response ['instant n'spons] — мгновенный ответ (реакция)
to respond [n'spond] — отвечать; реагировать
access ['aeksas] —доступ; обращение; обращаться, иметь доступ
capacity of storage [ks'paesiti ev 'stond3] — объем (емкость) памяти
to retrieve [n'trkv] — извлекать, выбирать (данные); восстанавливать (файл)
value ['vaslju] — значение; величина; значимость; ценность; оценка; оценивать
objective [sb'd3ektiv] — цель; требование; целевая функция
cost-effective ['kost I'fektiv] — экономичный; экономически оправданный
challenge ['tfaelmd3] — трудность; препятствие; представлять трудность
9. Прочтите текст и скажите, каковы основные достоинства компьютеров. Переведите текст.
Text 2. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER DATA PROCESSING
Computer-oriented data processing systems or just computer data processing systems are not designed to imitate manual systems. They should combine the capabilities of both humans and
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 50
computers. Computer data processing systems can be designed to take advantage of four capabilities of. computers.
1. Accuracy. Once data have been entered correctly into the
computer component of a data processing system, the need for
further manipulation by humans is eliminated, and the possi
bility of error is reduced. Computers, when properly pro
grammed, are also unlikely to make computational errors. Of
course, computer systems remain vulnerable to the entry by
humans of invalid data.
2. Ease of communications. Data, once entered, can be trans
mitted wherever needed by communications networks. These
may be either earth or satellite-based systems. A travel reserva
tions system is an example of a data communications network.
Reservation clerks throughout the world may make an enquiry
about transportation or lodgings and receive an almost instant
response. Another example is an office communications system
that provides executives with access to a reservoir of date, called
a corporate data base, from their personal microcomputer work
stations.
3. Capacity of storage. Computers are able to store vast
amounts of information, to organize it, and to retrieve it in ways
that are far beyond the capabilities of humans. The amount of
data that can be stored on devices such as magnetic discs is con
stantly increasing. All the while, the cost per character of data
stored is decreasing.
4. Speed. The speed, at which computer data processing sys
tems can respond, adds to their value. For example, the travel
reservations system mentioned above would not be useful if cli
ents had to wait more than a few seconds for a response. The
response required might be a fraction of a second.
Thus, an important objective in the design of computer data processing systems is to allow computers to do what they do best and to free humans from routine, error-prone tasks. The most cost-effective computer data processing system is the one that does the job effectively and at the least cost. By using computers in a cost-effective manner, we will be better able to respond to the challenges and opportunities of our post-industrial, information-dependent society.
51 Unit 4. Data Processing Concepts
10. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What capabilities should data-processing systems combine when designed? 2. What are the main advantages of computers? 3. What do you know of computers accuracy? 4. What is the function of communication networks? 5. Give examples of a data communication network. 6. What do you understand by capacity storage? 7. What other values of computer data processing systems do you know? 8. What is an important objective in the design of computer data processing systems? 9. What is the most effective computer data processing system? 10. What is the best way of responding to the challenges and opportunities of our post-industrial society?
11. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний:
Система обработки информации компьютером; система ориентирования на обработку данных компьютером; сочетать возможности человека и машины; ограничивать управление; вряд ли допустят ошибку; оставаться уязвимым; недопустимые данные; легкость осуществления связи; сеть передачи информации; системы, основанные на использовании спутников; служащие по резервированию жилья; получить мгновенный ответ; наводить справки; хранилище данных; корпоративная база данных; объем памяти; запоминать огромное количество информации; извлекать информацию; добавить значимости; упомянутый выше; доля секунды; подверженный ошибкам; экономически оправданный,
