.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


II. 2




<313> OECD, Recommendation C(74)224 of the Council on Principles Concerning Transfrontier Pollution 14.11.1974, Teil E (Principle of Information and Consultation), Teil F (Warning Systems and Incidents).

 

101. , , . , , . , , <314>. , . - , . . , (1986 ) ; -, , . , <315>. , <316> , , . <317> .

--------------------------------

<314> . Environmental Security and Freshwater Resources, AJIL 93 (1999) 26 (38).

<315> BGBl 1989 II, 43; BGBl 1989 II, 434.

<316> .: . 94 .

<317> .: 1. . 113 .

 

102. XX , , . - 1885 <318>, , 1900 <319>, , , 1902 <320>, 1933 <321>, 1940 <322>. <323> 1931 , 1946 <324>. <325>.

--------------------------------

<318> 30.06.1885 (RGBl 1886, 192).

<319> , 19.05.1900 (188 CTS 418).

<320> RGBl 1906, 89.

<321> 08.11.1933 (172 LNTS 241).

<322> 12.10.1940 (161 UNTS 193).

<323> 24.09.1931 (155 LNTS 349).

<324> 02.12.1946 (BGBl 1982 II, 559). .: . Meeresschutz, 177ff.

<325> , , 05.04.1946 (BGBl 1959 II, 1513); 09.05.1952 (205 UNTS 65); 29.04.1958 (499 UNTS 311); 28.07.1962 (460 UNTS 220); 09.03.1964 (BGBl 1969 II, 1898); - 23.10.1969 (BGBl 1976 II, 1545).

 

103. , , , , ; . , . . . 1990- , , <326>, . 1971 <327>, 1973 <328>, 1979 <329> 1979 <330> , 1970- . 1992 <331>.

--------------------------------

<326> .: . 112 . . .

<327> - , , 02.02.1971 (996 UN S 245; BGBl 1976 II, 1265).

<328> , , 03.03.1973 (993 UNTS 243; BGBl 1975 II, 773; ILM 12 [1973] 1055). .: van Heijnsbergen. International Legal Protection of Wild Flora and Fauna, 1997.

<329> 23.06.1979 (ILM 19 [1980] 15).

<330> BGBl 1984 II, 618.

<331> BGBl 1993 II, 1742. .: (Hrsg). , 2001. . , (. 1) .

 

) (1972 .)

-- (1992 .)

 

104. , 1960- . , 1962 <332>, " " 1967 , <333>. . 5 - 16 1972 . <334>, <335>. , , . 21 : "... , , ". , <336> , . , , , - <337>. 11 : " , ". <338>, , <339>. "" () - <340>. , <341> .

--------------------------------

<332> Carson. Silent Spring, 1962.

<333> .: Stansfield. Torrey Canyon, EPIL IV (2000) 867f.

<334> Action Plan for the Human Environment. .

<335> Declaration of the UN Conference on the Human Environment (ILM 11 [1972] 1416).

<336> .: 6. . 107 .

<337> , , , (Res 2849 (XXVI) 17.01.1972). . . 4.2 1992 . , 1997 . , .

<338> Hunter/Salzman/Zaelke. International Environmental Law and Policy, 1998, 286ff.

<339> .: . 112 . . . , , .

<340> (Res 2997 [XXVIII] v 15.12.1972).

<341> , () .: Kiss/Shelton (Fn 293) 86ff. , 1982, 1992 2001 . , , , .

 

105. . , . , (, , , ) . , . <342>, ( ) <343>, <344>, () () <345>, <346>. <347>. , , , (holistic approach). 1980- . . , . , , , , , .

--------------------------------

<342> .: UNEP Draft Principles (Fn 301).

<343> .: , . (1979 .), (1991 .), (1992).

<344> .: , , .

<345> .

<346> ., : , 1980 . , . . , .

<347> Res 37/7 28.10.1982 (ILM 22 [1983] 455); Kiss/Shelton (Fn 293) 64f.

 

106. 1983 , ( ) <348> 1987 <349>. (), " , ... , ..." <350>. <351> 3 - 14 1992 -- , <352>. , , <353>. , . , , - . , . , --, <354>. ( ), <355>, , --, XXI .

--------------------------------

<348> World Commission on Environment and Development (Hrsg). Our Common Future, 1987. .: Segger/Khalfan. Sustainable Development Law, 2004; Loibl. Umweltrecht, Rn 2388: " , , ( ), . . , --. ".

<349> .: . 112 .

<350> : Res 228 (XLIV) v 22.12.1989 (Conference on Environment and Development). .: Res 42/186 v 11.12.1987 ("Environmental Perspective to the Year 2000 and Beyond") und 42/187 11.12.1987 ("Report of the WCED").

<351> .: Johnson. The Earth Summit, 1993, 19ff.

<352> -- .: Malanczuk. Die Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen Umwelt und Entwicklung (UNCED) und das international Umweltrecht, FS Bernhardt, 1996, 985ff.

<353> Hunter/Salzman/Zaelke (Fn 338) 296ff.

<354> .: : Robinson (Hrsg), Agenda 21 and the UNCED Proceedings, 1992.

<355> .: Schulte zu Sodingen. Der Schutz der , 2002; Krohn. Die Bewahrung tropischer durch Kooperationsmechanismen, 2002. , , .

 

107. -- <356> 27 , (sustainable development). , 1, , ( 3). ( 4). , , ( 10), " " <357>, ( 15 - 17) . ( 5). , ( 7); , , <358>.

--------------------------------

<356> Declaration on Environment and Development 13.6.1992 (ILM 31 [1992] 876).

<357> .: . 116 . . . (precautionary action, polluter pays).

<358> Kreuter-Kirchhof. Kooperationsformen, 557. . : Kellersmann. Die gemeinsame, aber differenzierte Verantwortlichkeit von Industriestaaten und den Schutz der globalen Umwelt, 2000, 35ff.

 

108. XXI <359>, , . XXI , . - , , , .

--------------------------------

<359> . . 354: Robinson. Vol IV, 1ff.

 

109. , --, 1990- . , , () () <360>. 1997 ("+5") , . , <361>.

--------------------------------

<360> (Res 47/191 22.12.1992). .: Beyerlin/Marhaun (Fn 276).

<361> : Un-Generalversammlung, Res S/19-2 ("Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21") v 28.06.1997. , , , , , , - , , , . , " () ", .

 

110. , 2002 , , <362>. 2000 <363>. , <364>, <365>; . . - , , , , .

--------------------------------

<362> (Res 55/199 20.12.2000).

<363> (Res 55/2, United Nations Millenium Declaration) v 8.9.2000.

<364> Beyerlin/Reichard. The Johannesburg Summit, 63 (2003) 213ff.

<365> UN Doc A/CONF.199/20, Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, 1ff, 6ff.

 

3.

 

111. -- <366>, , , <367>, <368> , . <369> , ( [common heritage of mankind] <370>, [common concern of mankind] <371>, , [common but differentiated responsibilities] <372>), , , . , , "". " " <373>. ( ). , , . (hard law), . . , <374>, , , , , , .

--------------------------------

<366> .: . 104 .

<367> UN Doc E/CN.17/1996/17/Add 1 01.03.1996, Report of the Expert Group Meeting on Identification of Principles of International Law for Sustainable Development; UN Doc UNEP/IEL/WS/3/2 04.10.1996, Final Report of the Expert Group Workshop on International Environmental Law Aiming at Sustainable Development.

<368> .: Lang. UNPrinciples and International Environmental Law, MPYUNL 3 (1999) 157ff; Schroeder. Die Koordinierung der internationalen zum Schutz der Umwelt, 2005; Durner (Fn 302). .: Beyerlin. "Prinzipien" im - ein pathologisches ? FS Steinberger, 2002, 31ff. .: Epiney. Zur - , JuS 2003, 1066 (1067ff).





:


: 2016-11-02; !; : 499 |


:

:

.
==> ...

1444 - | 1379 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.231 .