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<190> .: 1. Graf Vitzthum Rn 99; . : Grewe (Fn 1) 175, 273ff, 293.

<191> .: Ziegler. , 1995, 129, 153ff, 168ff; Fahl. Der Grundsatz der Freiheit der Meere in der Staatenpraxis von 1493 - 1648, 1967; Straumann. Hugo Grotius und die Antike, 2007, 47ff, 55ff. , , . - .

<192> res nullius res communis omnium. res communis omnium : (laissez-faire), , . .: Wolfrum. Seerecht, Kap 4 Rn 5ff.

<193> ius cogens (). . . 53 64 , , . , 12 . , , - . .: Hannikainen. Peremptory Norms (Jus Cogens) in International Law, 1989, 540; Kadelbach. Zwingendes , 1992, 251ff.

 

63. . 1 . 86 (high seas/haute mer), " , , - , -" <194>. (. 89 ). . 87 , , : . (. a . 1 . 87, . 90 ) (. e . 1 . 87, . 116 ), (. 112 . ) <195>, (. 1 . 87 ) <196>. , , , ", ... ", , (. 2 . 87 ): (due regard). , (. 117 . ) <197>. , (. 88 ). , . 88 1982 : " . 88 , <198>. , <199>.

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<194> 86 . 29.04.1958, . 86 , VII (" "). , ( ) (. 58 ), .

<195> , 1958 . . .: Wolfrum. Seerecht, Kap 4 Rn 25ff (), 94ff (, ), 100ff (), 126ff ( ).

<196> , , , ( VI XIII, . . 116 - 120). 2 (. 116 .). . .: Wolfrum. Internationalisierung, 129ff, 371ff.

<197> .: (ITLOS Reports 1999, 280, 295ff). . . .: Leary. International Law and the Genetic Resources of the Deep Sea, 2007.

<198> .: Graf Vitzthum. Friedlicher Wandel durch Rechtsetzung // (Hrsg). und , 1979, 123ff. () (. 301 ), . , ( ), 10.03.1988 (SUA-Konvention; Text: BGBl 1990 II, 469); 14 2005 . (IMO Doc LEG/CONF.15/21, 22 v 1.11.2005) 2007 . 1988 . , ; .: Wolfrum. Seerecht, Kap 4 Rn 58ff. 11 . . . , XI-2 (Special Measures to Enhance Maritime Security), , .

<199> .: . 89 ., . 142 . . .

 

64. , . , , "" (. 91 ), (. 92 ) <200>. , (. 94 ). "" " " , <201>. () 1986 <202> , , , (genuine link) . 3 . 1 . 91 , <203>. , , , .

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<200> .: "Lotus". .: Graf Vitzthum. 1. Abschn Rn 49ff. . . 97 . , . . 108 . . , , . .: Wolfrum. Seerecht, Kap 4 Rn 44ff.

<201> (BVerfGE 92, 26). .

<202> ILM 26 (1987) 1236ff. ( , ), . 1 . 91 , . "MN Saiga 2", ITLOS Reports 1999, 10, 39ff; Graf Vitzthum. Die Organisation der Welt, FS , 2003, 135 (149ff); Wolfrum. Recht der Flagge und "Billige Flaggen", BerDGVR 31 (1990) 121ff.

<203> , genuine link , . .: UN Doc A/RES/59/24 v 04.2.2005, Oceans and the Law of the Sea, 41.

 

65. , <204>. , , , , 1995 , <205>: , , . , . 2 . 63 . 64 , . 2 . 4 " <206>. - ; . 2 . 37 . 2 . 1 . 32 . <207>. , , - <208>.

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<204> 29.04.1958 . , , , . , . . .: Burke. The New International Law of Fisheries, 1994; Czybulka (Fn 166) 808ff ( ).

<205> BGBl 2000 II, 1023. .: Davies/Redgwell. The International Legal Regulation of Straddling Fish Stocks, BYBIL 67 (1996) 199ff; Ziemer (Fn 159) 84ff, 187ff; . Meeresschutz, 149ff. , . , : ", " (. 2 . 7); . . 24 . . ( , , . 3 . 8) , . 59 ( - 28 1996 .), - 65 ( 1 2007 .); 11 2001 . (. . 112 .) 58/14 24.11.2003 (["Sustainable Fisheries"], Law of the Sea Bulletin 53 [2004] 32ff). 2006 . ( ). .: Anlage (31ff) zu UN Doc A/CON F.210/2006/15 v 05.07.2006.

<206> .: . Meeresschutz, 154ff. (. . 112 . . .) (. . 116 . .) , . .

<207> Graf Vitzthum. Europaisches Seerecht, FS Badura, 2004, 1189 (1198ff).

<208> .: , 10.12.1982, // http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/fish_stocks_agreement_declarations.htm#EC.

 

2

 

("")


 

() ( )
. 8
. 46 .
. 2 . 12 12
. 33 12 ( 12 ) 24
( ) . 55 . 188 ( 12 ) 200
. 76 . 188 ( ; - 338 ) ( 12 ) 200 ( 350 )
- ( ) . 86 .   (200 )  
() . 133 .    

 

) ():

 

66. , , , , , , 1970- . (, the Area/les fonds marins), () (. 136 ) <209>. , , , , , . , , , <210>. , , (, ) ( ), , , beati possidentes, .

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<209> , .: Graf Vitzthum. Die um ein Regime des Tiefseebodens, 38 (1978) 745ff. (. 134 ).

<210> (Res 2749 [XXV]) 1970 . , . , , (, , , ) , , , . , , 2006 ., , .

 

67. : (International Sea-Bed internationale des fonds marins, . 156 . ) - (Enterprise, . 170 . ). " , -... , ..." (. 1 . 157 ) (. 1 . 153 ).

68. XI (. 1 . 1 . 1 ). " [ ] " (. 1 . 137 ). , (. 141 ). , (. a . 133 ) <211>. "... ... , " (. 3 . 2 . 137 ). ( ) ; , (. 140 ), (. 2 . 137 ).

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<211> .: Mahmoudi. The Law of Deep Sea-Bed Mining, 1987; French. Der Tiefseebergbau, 1990; Wolfrum. Internationalisierung, 10ff; ders. Seerecht, Kap 4 Rn 15ff; Graf Vitzthum (Fn 209). , , . 143 . , , .

 

69. , . (. 143 ) (. 145 ). 3 XI <212>. (. 156 . ) <213> <214>. (. 156 . ), (. 161 ), .

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<212> .: : (. 108), 28 1996 . (BGBl 1996 II, 2511) 67 ( -, ) , .

<213> . 2 . 156 - ipso facto . .: Nandan. Legislative and Executive Powers of the International Seabed Authority for the Implementation of the Law of the Sea Convention // (Fn 110) 73ff. , , , , (. 3 . 288 ); . .: Wolfrum. Seerecht, Kap 6 Rn 82ff.

<214> - , , .

 

70. XI <215>, , . , , , XI . <216> , (). , , ("-", ) ( ). , , .

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<215> .: , , , . , (. 210 . .).

<216> 1980 .; 16.08.1980 (BGBI 1980 I, 1457; 10.02.1982, BGBl 1982 I, 136).

 

71. XI 1994 <217>. , . XI (. 1 . 2 ). 1994 <218>. , XI <219>.

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<217> Jaenicke. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Agreement Relating to the Implementation of the Convention, FS Bernhardt, 1995, 121ff; Oxman. The 1994 Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea // (Fn 110) 15ff. - , - ( ) - .

<218> 02.09.1994 (BGBl 1994 II, 1798). , , . , .

<219> , ( 50, 1993 . 60- ), , .

 

72. , , , : , , <220>, <221>. , <222>. , , , erga omnes . 138 , (. . 112 .).





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