1. Qd = 80 5P. Qs = 30 + 5P. , , 2.. . ( ) . . , ( ). . . , . . , 1992, . 2, .33, .207.
. , Qd = Qs:
80-5P = 30+5P P=5; Qd = Qs = 55.
.
t = 2.. , , P t P, : P = Pt t. P (Pt t). :
Qs = 30 + 5(Pt t) = 30 + 5 Pt 5 t = 30 + 5 Pt 5*2 = 30 + 5 Pt 10 = 20+5Pt.
, , 2.. 10 . . :
80-5P = 20+5Pt Pd = Pst =6; Qd = Qs = 50.
S1 S , -
P D -
7 . -
6 ,
5 , , -
.
4 -
-
20 30 50 55 80 Q : T = t*Qet = 2*50=100.
. . 50 5.. 50*5=250.. 50*6=300.. -50..
. 50 5.. 250.. 300.. 50 6.. , . 2.., 100.. 4.., 50 200.., 50.. , ( ).
, . ( ). , . , .
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. , , , .
2. Qd=20 2P, Qs = 2 + P.
1) , .
2) , - .
3) , ?
4) , 3 ? 5 ?
5) ( ).
. 1) , . , . :
Qd = Qs 20 - 2p= 2 + p 20-2=2+
18 =3 = 6 .
Qd = Qs = 8 .
. , . . P=10, Qd =0, Qd = 20, P=0. , P=6, Qd =8. . - Qs =2 P=0 P=6, Qs =8. .
, Qd Qs () . , P = 0. , Qd=0. , . , Qd = 0, P = 10. , 2 , (). P = 0 Qd =20 (max). , , .
P=6. , Qd = Qs = 8 .
P, . | Qd, . | Qs . | TR= P*Q | ED | |||
Qs+3 . | Qs+6 . | ∆Q%/ ∆P% | ∆Q/∆P* P/ Q | ||||
∞ | |||||||
5,7 | |||||||
1,85 | 1,5 | ||||||
1,2 | |||||||
0,8 | |||||||
0,1 | |||||||
0,05 |
2) . . , , .
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TR=P*Q. TR , , . TR , . TR .
3) , , TR=P*Q=6*8=48 , .
4) 3 , Qs = 5 + P 3 . . . 5., 10 ., TR=P*Q=5*10=50 . 6., 4., TR= P*Q=4*6=48 , .
, , . , ( ) . TR= P*Qd. , Qd=202P, P= 10 0,5 Qd.
TR= (10 0,5 Qd)*Qd = 10Qd 0,5Qd 2.
TR΄ = MR = 0.
TR΄ = (10Qd 0,5Qd 2)΄ = 10 - Qd = 0. Qd =10, P = 5.
10. 5. , Ed =1. , , , .
5) . , :
= = = : = ,
- ;
- .
, .
, :
= ,
= , .
, :
- 10. 9.→Ed = (2-0)/(2+0) * (10+9)/(10-9) = 1*19=19>1- ., →∞
- 9. 8. →Ed = (4-2)/(4+2) * (9+8)/(9-8) = 1/3*17/1=5,7>1- .
- 7. 6 . →Ed = (8-6)/(8+6) * (7+6)/(7-6) = 1/7*13/1=1,85>1- .
- 6. 5 . →Ed=(10-8)/(10+8) * (6+5)/(6-5)=1/9*11/1=1,2→1- . .
- 5. 4 . →Ed =(12-10)/(12+10) * (5+4)/(5-4)=1/11*9/1=0,8<1-/
- 1. 0. →Ed=(20-18)/(20+18)*(1+0)/(1-0)=1/19*1=0,05→0 ./.
Qd = a bP, , , . : = .
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-b () , -b = ∆Q/∆P. ∆Q/∆P b, . :
= , b .
Qd = 202P ∆Q/∆P= -2, Ed = = .
, .
:
P=10, Q= 0 → Ed = 2*10/0 = ∞ -.
P=9, Q= 2 → Ed = 2*9/2 = 9 >1- .
P=6, Q= 8 → Ed = 2*6/8 = 1,5 >1- .
P=5, Q= 10 → Ed = 2*5/10 = 1 . .
P=1, Q= 18 → Ed = 2*1/18 = 0,1 <1-/.
P=0, Q= 20 → Ed = 2*0/20 = 0 . .
, .
3. 2, 30 20 ? ?
. :
= 2,
- ;
- .
() : ↓ ().
. :
= = 2 40% = 80% ↑ ().
Ed = 2>1, . , , TR = PQ , , .
4. 5000 400 . -0,3. , 7 %?
. , , . . , , ( ):
= -0,3,
- ;
.
= = - 0,3 7% ↑ = - 2,1%
2,1% 400 8,4 . , (400-8,4) = 391,6 . .