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, ; , . . (Delbert . Miller) , , , (Handbook of Research Design and Social Measurement. 1991. P. 151). , , , ? ?, . , , . -, 1998 . 1999 . (. ) . () . 18 12 , , . . . , , .
, ; I998 . , . 402 236 . ( 59% , , .) , 37 , , , . .
, , . , , : . , - -, . 93% , 3% , -. , , . 84% ; 78,5% 35 59 .
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. : , , . , , , . , . : , . , , , . , 1015 . , , , . : , . - : , , , . , 10 .
40% , ; 25% 6% . 13% , . , , . , , , , 1997 . 55% .
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, , . 45% , 26% , 9% , , 14% , . 40% , ; 16% , 43% . ( : .)
, ; 74,8% . . . , , . , .
- - : . , 1998 . 20 ; 60% , . 8% 30 . . , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , .
. . , , - . , , , . , , , . : , . , . , . -, -. , . : . , "" , , . . , - , .
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, , , , . 19% , , , 310 . . 150 . . , : ( 50%), , , . , , 37%; , .
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[1] V . .. , , . . (. .)
[2] , 1933 ., Pacific Gas & Electric Co . Campaigns, Inc., , .
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