(A true story told by the man who took the photograph)
I
One day, while Clark [klQ:k] and I with a Masai (1) conductor were walking past some very high grass, the conductor stopped and pointed. We looked where he was pointing and we saw among the high grass a great grey body. It was the back of a great rhino lying in the grass. The conductor closed his eyes to show me that the rhino was sleeping.
We walked very quietly until we were only thirty yards from the animal. Then we could see that it was a huge rhino, weighing at least (2) two tons. He was sleeping quietly. We could see his grey skin rising and falling with his breath, and his little pig's eyes were closed. His big flat nose, with its sharp cruel horn, was nearest to us. Each breath blew on the grass near his nose. The warm African sunlight was shining on his huge grey body.
Very quietly I got my camera ready to take the photograph. The conductor stood near me on my left side and Clark stood on my right side, with his gun in his hands. We did not kill the animals which we photographed, unless our lives were in danger, and Clark always fired his gun in the air when I took my pictures to make the animals turn away from me.
Everything was ready. I stood with my camera right in front of the rhino and I was so close that I could see his nose moving with his breath. I even saw a fly walk across his head. We waited for several minutes but the animal continued to sleep; and as I wanted to photograph him when he was moving, I took a deep breath (3) and shouted "Hey!"
In a moment he was up. Although he was so huge, he moved very rapidly. For a moment he stood looking at us. What did he see? A rhino has very weak sight and he cannot see anything clearly which is more than fifteen or twenty yards away. We were nearly thirty yards away from him, so he could not see us well, but he saw something. For a few moments he stood there. Then he put his head down (4) and rushed at us.
II
My camera was pointed at him, and as I looked through the little glass I could see the great rhino rushing towards me. As he got nearer he seemed to get bigger. When he was fifteen yards away he looked as big as a railway train. With my camera near my eye I waited to get my picture. The ground under my feet shook with the great weight of the rushing rhino. His little red eyes were cruel and angry. When the rhino was near enough (5) I pressed the button of my camera and took my picture. The huge animal was almost touching me.
At that moment, Clark fired his gun in order to make the animal turn away from me. But the animal paid no attention at all (6) and came straight on. I jumped to one side, quicker than I had ever jumped before. As I did so, I knew I was safe, but the rhino was almost on top of the Masai conductor. There was a cloud of dust and I saw the man's body thrown into the air. The rhino rushed on and away from us. We did not see him again.
Clark and I ran to the place where the Masai was lying on the ground. We were sure that he was either dead or dying. No man can be thrown up into the air by a rhino's horn and live. But just as we reached him, the conductor jumped up laughing. No, he was neither dead nor dying. The rhino's horn had not touched him, for (7) that jump into the air had been his own.
When a rhino is rushing towards an enemy, he holds his head so that he can see. When he is close, he puts his head down so that the sharp point of his horn is in front. Therefore, just for a moment he cannot see in front of him, and in that moment the Masai jumped to one side. The rhino rushes on and usually does not stop until he is out of sight. This is how our conductor had saved himself.
Примечания
(1) Masai — название африканской народности
(2) at least — по меньшей мере
(3) I took a deep breath — я глубоко вздохнул
(4) put … down — нагнул
(5) near enough — достаточно близко
(6) paid no attention at all — не обратил никакого внимания. Сочетание at all усиливает отрицание, как русское вовсе.
Например:
I see you are busy. — Not at all. Я вижу, вы заняты. — Нет, ничуть (вовсе нет).
(7) for — здесь значит так как, ибо
Новые слова
among [q'mAN] среди, между
angry ['xNgri] adj а сердитый, злой
attention [q'tenS(q) n] n внимание;
pay attention обращать внимание
breath [breT] n дыхание, вдох
button ['bAtn] n кнопка, пуговица
clearly [kliqli] adv ясно
close [klquz] v закрывать(ся); [klqus] a закрытый; близкий; тесный;
be close (to) быть очень близко (от, к)
continue [kqn'tinju(:) ] v продолжать
dead [ded] adj мертвый
dust [dAst] n пыль; прах; порошок
enemy ['enimi] n враг
few [fju:] adv немногие, мало; a few несколько
fire ['faiq] v стрелять
flat [flxt] n квартира adj плоский
fly [flai] n полет, муха v летать
grass [grQ:s] n трава
grey [greI] adj серый
horn [hO:n] n рог
huge [hju:G] adj огромный, громадный
just [GAst] adv точно, именно, только (что)
kill [kIl] v убивать
laugh [lQ:f] v смеяться
lie [lai], lay [lei], lain [lein] лежать; Part. I – lying ['laIIN] лежащий
minute ['minit] n минута
moment ['mqumqnt] n момент
order ['O:dq] n порядок, приказ; in order to для того чтобы
past [pQ:st] n прошлое adj прошлый prep мимо
pay [pei] (paid [peid]) v платить
photograph ['fqutqgrQ:f] n фотоснимок v фотографировать
pig [pIg] n свинья
point [pOint] n точка, пункт v указывать; направлять на (at);
ready ['redi] adj готовый; get ready приготовить(ся)
rhino ['raInqu] n носорог
rush [rAS] v мчаться, бросаться, нестись
shake [Seik], shook [Suk], shaken [Seikn] v трясти(сь)
sharp [SQ:p] adj острый
shout [Saut] n крик v крикнуть
sight [sait] n зрение; вид, зрелище; be out of sight скрыться из виду
straight [streit] adj прямой adv прямо
sure [Suq] adj верный, надежный, уверенный; I am sure я уверен
therefore [DFq'fO:] adv поэтому, следовательно
throw [Trqu], threw [Tru:], thrown [Trqun] v бросать
ton [tAn] n тонна
train [trein] n поезд
turn [tq:n] n поворот v возвращать(ся); вертеть(ся)
turn away свернуть
unless [qn'les] conj если … не
wait [weit] n ожидание v ждущий v ждать
АНАЛИЗ СЛОВ
В этом уроке большинство слов относится к основному словарному фонду английского языка, т.е. они являются чрезвычайно распространенными. Количество международных слов невелико: вы их сами легко найдете.
Ряд слов связан с уже известными вам словами: fly муха и fly летать, continue продолжать и Continuous — название группы времен; fire стрелять и fire огонь;past мимо и past прошедший; to pass проходить; shake трястись и shock удар, сотрясение;dead мертвый и die умирать.
Button пуговица имеет тот же корень, что бутон. Глагол to turn вращаться сравните с глаголом to return возвращаться (урок 18), а также со словом турникет.
Dust пыль, порошок вошло в русский язык в узком значении дуст. Прилагательное flat плоский породило существительное flat квартира, так как flats, где все комнаты расположены в одной плоскости, противопоставляются домикам в два этажа, распространенным в Англии.
Союз unless переводится сочетанием если... не, а иногда если только не. В тексте вы видите: We did not kill the animals which we photographed, unless our lives were in danger. Мы не убивали животных, которых мы фотографировали, если только наша жизнь не была в опасности. Заметьте, что в английском предложении глагол стоит в утвердительной форме, так как отрицание заключено в самом союзе unless:
unless our lives were... если только наша жизнь не была....
Несколько примеров с союзом unless:
| I shall be unable to answer this question unlessyou help me. | Я не смогу ответить на этот вопрос, если вы мне не поможете. | |
| Thepicture will not be good, unlessyou sit still. | Снимок не будет хорошим, если вы не будете сидеть смирно. | |
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. Вследующих предложениях найдите инфинитив или причастие в функции дополнения и переведите предложения:
Не made us laugh. We saw him kill the pig. We heard Clark fire the gun. They could feel the ground shake. We do not remember the teacher asking us this question. He wants us to sit on the grass. Although we could not hear him speak we saw him pointing to the sky. We saw a huge black cloud coming from the northeast. We thought the animal to be sleeping quietly, but we soon saw his huge head turn.
2. Переведите письменно на русский язык, а потом обратно на английский:
Give me either a newspaper or a book. We shall speak either English or French. Either you or your friend will translate the story into Russian. I remember neither his name nor his face. I saw neither of these pictures. He has neither close friends nor enemies. I am neither angry nor afraid.
3. Напишите во всех лицах предложения
I did it myself и I threw myself on the ground.
4. Вставьте подходящее по смыслу возвратное (усилительное) местоимение:
She … paid for this dress. I bought a coat for … and some things for my children; they are too small to buy things for …. They escaped in order to save …. The story … is good, but not the translation. Children, you must do it …. Take the gun from the child, he may kill …. "Do you need me?" he asked pointing to ….
5. Распределите на 9 пар синонимов:
between, huge, close, straight, before, great, among, near, photographs, though, dead, directly, in front (of), rapidly, picture, lifeless, quickly, although
6. Распределите на 10 пар антонимов:
rise, save, thin, left, huge, slow, kill, fall, stop, right, noise, thick, small, continue, rapid, quiet, bottom, wide, top, narrow
7. Повторите в уроке 2 раздел о множественном числе существительных и напишите во множественном числе следующие существительные, проверив попутно, помните ли вы их значения:
horn, train, noise, object, oil, throat, bean, way, boy, fly, enemy, body, sky, party, class, cross, fish, glass, lens, mass, press, process, science, pig
8. Из новых слов урока выберите подходящие по смыслу слова, расставьте их вместо пропусков и переведите текст:
The rhino … among the … when the photographers saw him. He had a … nose; his body was …, his horn was …; his eyes were … and …. His … was very weak, he could not see his … well. In … to take his picture the photographers had to come close to him. They were in … therefore one of them always … in the air, but he never … the animal. One cannot take pictures of such animals … one has a great deal of courage.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
I. Выпишите из текста все глаголы восприятия (видеть, слышать и т. д.) с инфинитивами и причастиями и переведите предложения, в которых они встречаются.
II. Переведите на английский язык:
Мы должны сделать это сами. Я этого не понимаю сам. Она сама сказала мне об этой ошибке. Я не мог ни видеть, ни слышать их. Я не пригласил ни Елену, ни ее отца. Я хочу говорить или с (to) вами, или с вашим учителем. Ни Кларк, ни его друг не убили носорога. Я видел, как он нажал кнопку. Я слышал, как вы закричали. Вы готовы? Сколько вы заплатили за картину? Не сердитесь, вы среди друзей. Я видел, как поезд повернул на юг. Я слышал, как дети смеются. Я ясно видел, как он бросил ружье.
III. Напишите на русском языке краткую аннотацию рассказа Taking the Photograph of a Rhino.
IV. Переведите английские слова:
continue, attention, clearly, ready, sight, dead, to close, close, dust, huge, among, enemy, horn, pig, turn, straight, а fly, grass, breath, few, lie, sharp, unless, just, own, rush, train, button, point, sure, therefore, jump, shake, grey, pay, throw, kill, wait, flat, angry
V. Назовите английские слова, имеющие значение:
мертвый, закрывать(ся), платить, квартира (плоский), враг, острый, вращать(ся), лежать, готовый, серый, сердитый, бросать, мало, смеяться, ждать, уверенный, прямой, поезд
Повторение
Перечитайте вслух и переведите устно тексты уроков 13-18, вспоминая забытые слова. Повторите образование и значение Continuous Tenses в уроке 15 и Perfect Tenses в уроке 16. Пользуйтесь сводной таблицей в приложении № 2.
READING
NOVOSIBIRSK
Few cities in the world are changing faster than Novosibirsk, one of the most important industrial, cultural and scientific centres in Siberia.
Its plan forecasts (предусматривает) that by the end of the century the population will rise to over two million.
This growth is explained by the rapid development of Siberia's rich natural resources.
Novosibirsk was built on both banks of the River Ob. A second bridge has been thrown across the Ob, and the city is growing.
Novosibirsk has an opera house — probably the biggest in the USSR — and six theatres. It also is the seat (зд. местонахождение) of the Siberian branch of the Academy of Sciences.
From Soviet Weekly
A HISTORICAL ANECDOTE
George Washington, the first President of the United Slates, had a secretary, a young man. One morning the secretary came late, and found Washington waiting. He tried to excuse himself (оправдаться) by saying that his watch was wrong. Washington replied quietly, "I am afraid you will have to get another watch, or I another secretary."
PROVERBS
A hungry man is an angry man.
You cannot govern others unless you can govern yourself.
He who scrubs (трет, чистит) every pig he sees, will not long be clean himself (Ср. с кем поведешься, от того и наберешься).
QUOTATIONS
Fire is the test of gold; adversity (несчастье, беда) of strong men.
Seneca (Rome, 1st century)
Man is the only (зд. единственный) animal that laughs and weeps (плачет); for he is the only animal that is struck with the difference between what things are and what they ought to be.
William Hazlitt (England, 1778-1830)
Урок двадцатый
ГРАММАТИКА
