-ish .
: to publish , to finish , to establish .
-ish : British , Spanish , English . , . : red , reddish , long , longish .
-ist . , -, -. : communist , ; socialist , ; artist , ; botanist .
-ward , a -wards . , .
| north | northwards |
| in | inward(s) , |
| after , | afterwards |
:
w, [w]:
well, will, wing, wind, win, Darwin ['dQ:wIn], whether ['weDq].
w:
write, wrote, whole [hqul], answer ['Q:nsq], wrong [rON].
. (.. ) .
FROM AUTOBIOGRAPHY
By Charles Darwin
A gentleman (who, as I afterwards heard, is a good local botanist)wrote to me from the Eastern counties (1)that the seeds of beans of the common field-bean had this year everywhere grown on the wrong side of the pod. I wrote back (2) asking for further information, as Idid not understand what was meant; but Idid not receive any answer for a very long time. I then saw in two newspapers, one published in Kent and the other in Yorkshire, paragraphs stating that it was a most remarkable fact that "the beans this year had all grown on the wrong side." So I thought there must be some foundation for so generala statement.
Accordingly, Iwent to my gardener, an old man, and asked him whether he had heard (3) anything about it, and he answered, "Oh no, sir, it must be a mistake, for (4)the beans grow on the wrong side only on leap-years. "Ithen asked him how they grew in common years and how on leap-years, but soon found he knew absolutely nothing of how they grew at any time, but he stuck to his belief.
After a time I heard from my first informant, who wrote that he had heard the statement from several intelligent farmers; but that he had since spoken again to every one of them, and no one knew in the least (5) what he had meant. So that here a belief if indeed a statement with no definite idea can be called abelief had spread over almost the whole ofEngland without any evidence.
(1) from the Eastern counties
(2) to write back
(3) whether he had heard . whether . 24.
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(4) for
(5) in the least
absolutely ['xbs(q) lu:tli] adv
accordingly [q'kO:diNli] adv
afterwards ['Q:ftqwqdz] adv,
autobiography ["O:tqubaI'OgrqfI] n
bean[bJn] n
belief [bi'li:f] n ,
botanist ['bOtqnIst] n
common ['kOmqn] adj , ,
county ['kauntI] n , ( )
evidence ['evid(q) ns] n ,
fact [fxkt] n
farmer ['fQ:mq] n
field [fi:ld] n , .
foundation [faun'deiS(q) n] n ,
further ['fq:Dq] adj , ; adv ,
gardener ['gQ:dnq] n
gentleman ['Gentlmqn] n ,
idea [ai'diq] n ,
indeed [In'dI(:) d] adv ,
Informant [In'fO:mqnt] n , .
information ["Infq'meIS(q) n] n ,
intelligent [in'teliG(q) nt] adj , ,
leap-year ['li(:) pjq:] n
local ['lquk(q) l] adj
mistake [mis'teik] n
newspaper ['nju:s"peIpq] n
paragraph ['pxrqgrQ:f] n (); ,
pod [pOd] n
publish ['pAbliS] v ,
receive [ri'si:v] v
remarkable [ri'mQ:kqbl] adj
seed [si:d] n ,
sir n ,
spread [spred] (spread, spread) v ()
statement[steitmqnt] n ,
stick [stik], stuck [stAk], stuck v ,
whether ['weDq] conj ( )
wrong [rON] adj , ; on the wrong side
, , . Absolutely, autobiography, botanist, fact, idea, information, paragraph, gentleman sir . common , , ; field , . , , . local , publish , foundation , intelligent . intelligent , . accordingly , according to , , , , .
newspaper news , new , paper ( 13). statement ( state -ment) 16.
, .
- gardener (. 6); , garden , .
indeed wrong. , , . :
| Are you busy? Yes, indeed. | ? , . ( !) |
| He knows English very well indeed. | ( ) . |
be wrong ; wrong : , , .
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| The statement is wrong. | . |
| He gave a wrong answer. | . |
| The thing was done at a wrong time. | . |
| There is something wrong with this translation. | - (- ). |
wrong right , . :
| did the right thing at a wrong time. | , ( ), , ( ). |
. : the right side of the cloth ; the wrong side of the cloth .
1. Past Perfect Tense , . .
2. , Past Perfect , :
I heard that the gentleman (to receive) a wrong answer. We did not understand what he (to say). He told us that he (to bring) more seed. We knew that the news (to spread). I saw that nothing else (to make). I knew that a mistake (to make). We found that no letter (to receive). We saw that the text (to understand).
3. , :
The (common, leap) year has 365 days. To think that it has 366 days is a (mistake, fact). Darwin was a (local, great) scientist. He spoke to his (gardener, friend) about (beans, pods, boilers). Beans grow in (fields, water). Darwin found no (evidence, seed) that the beans grew on the wrong side of the (pod, box). But the gardener did not (understand, stick) his mistake.
4. ( ); 2 : ) , ; ) , :
bean, animal, engine, head, pod, nose, body, rubber, field, conveyer, pipe, throat, back, seed, stalk, glass, tooth, tree, steam, apple, blood, tubing, face, boiler, coal, equipment, fish, fuel, mouth, arm, gas, garden, hotbed, hothouse, tongue, motor, fruit, insulate, land, foot, hand, oil, pitch, farm, car, power, industry, leg, insect, eye, iron, tentacle, wing, wheel, vegetable, worker, farmer, lens, peasant
5. .
I. , . . , to hear . to grow ; , , ? ? any at any time?
II. :
She said that her sister was very beautiful. She said that her sister had been very beautiful.
III. , , . 4 , ; 5 , ; 2 , . :
1. I saw that the girl was very beautiful. 2. I saw that the tree had grown to a height of three yards. 3. He said that a new kind of bean was grown in their garden. 4. I learned twenty words which I had found in the text. 5. He stuck to the belief which had been found wrong. 6. We were thinking about the mistake which had been made by the local newspaper. 7. There was no evidence that the disease would spread. 8. We did not know whether the seed had been brought to the fields. 9. She knew that her father would stick to his remarkable statement. 10. He said that three newspapers were published in their city. 11. It was clear () that they knew all the facts and were acting accordingly.
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IV. -, :
Who was the gentleman that wrote to Darwin? What did Darwin do when he received the letter? Did he receive an answer soon? Whom did he ask about beans growing on the wrong side of the pod? What did the gardener say? Did he know anything about how beans grew? From whom did Darwin's informant hear the remarkable statement about beans? Have you a definite idea how they grow? Do they ever grow on the wrong side of the pod?
V. :
newspaper, evidence, accordingly, field, afterwards, spread, wrong, publish, further, stick, bean, foundation, statement, receive, belief, local, seed, intelligent, mistake, common, remarkable
VI. , :
, , , , (), , , , , , , , ,
12-16, . , .
