, , . , : , . , : , . , , . , . , , . , . .
, . - ! --! , . - .
, bin, [] ( ), , bean [-] ( ) . . , () , [:].
, . . [i:], [e]
, : [i:] , .. , [] .
[i:] , [-].
[e] , [] .
, , : me [mi:], he [hi:]. , , : eve [i:v], mete [mi:t].
[i:].
:
[i:]: be, bee, me, fee, deem, pete
[e]: met, men, hen, tent, tell, bend
, . - . , , [], , []. - . , led let, . , .
1. , , [i:] []:
[i:]: eve, peeve, mete, feed, be, he
[e]: ben, pen, fed, bed, bet, let, led
2. [], :
bed, bet; led, let; fed, fet; met, med; ned, net
,
, : [x] [eI] .
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[x] [] []. , [], []. [x]: man, pan, fan.
[eI] , .. , . [] : []. , .. , , : take, pale.
:
[x]: bad, pan, an, lad, hat
[eI]: bade, pane, lane, lake, hate
. [q]
, . . ['] .
(). , , : ["]. : mathematics ["mxTI'mxtIks] .
[q]. . : .
, . . [q], .
:
Helen ['helqn] , Peter ['pi:tq] , Ann [xn]
th. [T, D]
th [9] . . . []. [T].
[], [D].
, , , : that [Dxt] , then [Den] .
[T] [D] [s] [z] . , thin [TIn] sin [sIn] .
, :
[T]: theme, thin, tenth, teeth
[D]: them, than, that, then
, , . , .
. , , , , . .
a (an)[q], [qn]
a (an) , , . , -, - , () . : Take a map. . , - , , .
, an: an apple , a table .
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a (an) : an apple [qn'xpl], a table [q'teIbl].
the [Dq, Di:, DI]
the , . , . . .
the : the pen [Dq'pen] ( ). the [DI]: the apple [DI'xpl].
, , . (this).
Take a pen. (-, ).
Take the pen. .
12.