:
must, should, ought, to be, to have, need.
, , .
1. Must, have(to), have got(to) (Infinitive) to:
I must go there. I have to go there. I have got to go there - ,
2. be - am, is, are (to) to.
They are to pay. - .
Freight is to be paid. - .
My ship is to arrive tomorrow. - .
3. Should, ought (to), .
should help them. He ought to help them. - ( , ) .
4. Shall . The goods shall be loaded. - . You shall go there! ! (),
to have : will have to go there. - ( ) .
5. be obliged to :
We are obliged to complete loading today. - .
, , .
1. have - had (to) Infinitive:
I had to go there yesterday. - () .
2. be - was (to). were (to) Indefinite Infinitive Perfect Infinitive:
I was to sent him a letter, but I forgot. - , .
We were to call on him at 8 o'clock. - 8 .
3. Should, ought (to) Perfect Infinitive :
You should have help him. You ought to have help him.- ( ) .
must, have(to), have got (to), need, shall:
Must you go there? Do you have to go there? Have you got to go there? Need you gou there? Shall you go there? - ( ) ?
Shall I read? (translate)? - ? ()?
: don't have (to), haven't got(to), needn't Infinitive shouldn't, oughtn't, needn't Perfect Infinitive.
You don't have to go there. You haven't got to go there. You needn't go there. You shan't go there. - ( ) .
You shouldn't have told him about it. You oughtn't to have told him about it. - ( ) .
, . , , :
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welding - , building - , fighting - , burning - . .
| Act i ve | Passive | |
| Indefinite | playing | being played |
| Perfect | having played | having been played |
He began by explaining, - .
left without saying anything. - , .
is very fond of reading, - .
, ;
- Reading is her favourite occupation;
- Her greatest pleasure is reading;
- finished reading the book;
- I remember reading it;
- I am fond of reading;
- I had the pleasure of reading in the newspaper of your success;
- After reading the letter I put it into the drawer.
- , , .
(Present) arriving - ,
(Past) arrived -
(Perfect) having arrived -
| Active | Passive | ||
| answering | , | being answered | |
| having answered - | having been answered | ||
... - Having written the letter...
... - Whi Ie discharging the ship...
... - Knowing English...
... - Having fulfilled the terms...
, . , :
works at a large ship.
:
What are you looking at? - ?
Where did you come from? - ?
, . .
| about | - , |
| before | - , |
| above | - , |
| behind | - , |
| across | - , |
| below | -. |
| along | - |
| beside | - , , |
| around | - |
| at | - ., . |
| between | - |
| beyond | - , , |
| over | - , |
| round | - |
| by | - , ( ) |
| since | - , |
| through | - , , - |
| for | - |
| from | -, , |
| till | - |
| from... ti11 | - ... |
| to | - , |
| from... till | - ... ( ) |
| in front of | - |
| towards | - |
| instead of | - |
| inside | - |
| under | - , , |
| in to | - |
| until | - |
| into | - , () |
| with | - , |
| of | - |
| within | - , |
| on | - , |
| out of | - , |
| without | - () |
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. . - The book of my friend.
. . - I write to my friend.
T. . - The work is done by my friend.
. - I write with pen.
. . - I think about (of) my friend.
, .
here, there, soon.
, - l:
quick - quickly.
, - - l more most : easil - , more easil, most easil.
.
- always, often, seldom, ever, never, just, already, usually, sometimes . :
always comes early. - .
to be: He is never late. - .
, :
I shall never forget it. - .
.
has just been asked. - .
: I can always prove it to be true.
tomorrow, today, yesterday .
yet "" not , - .
quickly, slowly, fast, well ., . .
too, either (, ) .
