, ( ) i, j, k:
.
9 . . .
b , .
ab,* b((, b))., ,
(6.1) . | a| cosg= ba, (. .14), a |b| cosg = ab, :
. . , , .
b:
. F S S: A = FS.
10 . . . . : . 1:: 1, 2, 3 , , , , 1 2 2 3 . , . |
: : . , . , . , . . . . 3:: a b [a,b], 1. | [a,b] |=Sa,b, Sa,b , a b. ( a || b, Sa,b=0.) 2. a [a,b] b. a, b, [a,b] . : 1. [a,b] = -[b,a] 2.[a,b] = θ a || b 3.[a1+a2,b] = [a1,b]+[a2,b] 4.λ[a,b] = [λa,b] = [a,λb] λ R. . , , = [ ] . , . - , . - , . |
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11 . .
.
. - , : a * b * c =[ a * b ]* c = a *[ b * c ], a ={ax,ay,az} b ={bx,by,bz} c ={cx,cy,cz}
-:
1. 2 :
a * b * c =- b * c * a
2. :
a * b * c = c * a * b = b * c * a
3.)(. ) 3 . a * b * c =0
) a, b, c 1 , | a * b * c |=V,
a * b * c >0, a, b, c -
a * b * c <0, a, b, c
. .
, .
.
.
12
: + + = 0, .
(.. , ). = 0 , = 0 Y.
0 :
, ( 0 , 0) OY, : 0 = m (x 0), m , , . 0, 0 0 :
a = C / A, b = C / B. (a, 0) (0, b), .. a b.
, ( 1, 1) ( 2, 2):
, ( 0 , 0) (a, b):
:
1) + + = 0 D+ E+ F = 0: AE BD = 0
2) = m x+ k = p x+ q: m = p.
:
1) + + = 0 D+ E+ F = 0: AD + BE = 0
2) = m x+ k = p x+ q: m p = 1
(x 1, y 1) (x 2, y 2)
( 0 , 0) + + = 0
+ + = 0 D+ E+ F = 0
:
13. .
(.1) , F 1 F 2 , ,
(.1):
, . a > b (.1), a < b Y, a = b ( ). , .
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|
F 1 F 2 = 2 , , . AB = 2 a , CD = 2 b . e = c / a, e < 1 .
( 1, 1) , :
y = m x + k 2 / a 2 + 2 / b 2 = 1:
k 2 = m 2 a 2+ b 2.
14.. .
(.1) , F 1 F 2 , , .
(.1):
, .
F 1 F 2 = 2 , , . AB = 2 a , CD = 2 b . e = c / a, e > 1 . y = (b / a) x .
( 1, 1) , :
y = m x + k 2 / a 2 2 / b 2 = 1:
k 2 = m 2 a 2 b 2.
:
- Oy, Ox A (a; 0) B ( a; 0), .
- .
- .
- y = kx .
15. .
(.1) , F, , , .
(.1): y 2 = 2 p x.
.
( 1, 1) , : 1 y = p (x + 1).
y = m x + k y 2 = 2 p x:2 m k = p.
:
1 .
2 , . .
3 . , , , . , , , .
4 , .
5 .
6 . .
16 . . .
2+2+2+2Dx+2Ey+F=0
. X Y Z , OX, OY OZ , ' (a, b, ). X' Y' Z'.
:
.
(. 70).
α . , X, Y :
= | |, = | M |,
X = | 1 |, Y = | 1M |.
1MP . , : 1MP = | |. (4)
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, , (4) : 1 + 1M + p MP =|
, , (. I, 8), 1 = X cos α 1M = Y cos (90 + α) = Y sin α, p MP = 0.
(4') : x = X cos α Y sin α. (5)
, , . , : 1 + 1M + p MP = p = 0.
y = X sin α + Y cos α. (6)
(5) (6) X Y , (5) (6) X Y.
17 .
+ 2 + + + + = 0
1 (; ) R
( - )2 + ( - )2 = R2 2 + 2 = R2
2 , , , . + = 1
3 , + = 1
> 0, b > 0 .
( , 0) . Y .
, OY (0, b)
+ = -1
4 , = 2 > 0 .
18
+ + z + D = 0, , B C . , B C (.. , ).
0, 0, 0 D 0 :
a = D / A, b = D / B, c = D / C. (a, 0, 0), (0, b, 0) (0, 0, ), .. a, b c.
, ( 0 , 0, z 0 ) (, , C): ( 0) + ( 0) + (z z 0) = 0.
+ + z+ D = 0 E+ F+ Gz+ H = 0:
AF BE = BG CF = AG CE = 0.
+ + z+ D = 0 E+ F+ Gz+ H = 0:
E+ F+ G = 0.
( 1 , 1, z 1 ) (x 2, y 2, z 2):
( 0 , 0, z 0 ) + + z + D = 0:
+ + z+ D = 0 E+ F+ Gz+ H = 0:
19 . . . .
, ( 1, 1, z 1) ( 2, 2 , z 2):
, ( 0 , 0, z 0) (a, b, ):
+ + z+ D = 0 E+ F+ Gz+ H = 0, ,
.
(a, b, ) (p, q, r) , : aq bp = br cq = ar cp = 0,
: ap + bq + cr = 0,
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: