:
. (3.20)
μ , .
, = >0, f ()=½, .. >0 ½.
-, =0. , , (. 3.3, ). , . , ( ).
) )
. 3.3. : =0; >0
, =0 , , .. f () =0 (. 3.4, ).
) )
. 3.4. -: -;
, . , (. 4.5).
(3.20) (3.13), =0 (. 3.4, )
, (3.21)
≥ >0, f ()=1.
(3.21) , :
, (3.22)
n .
(3.21),
, (3.23)
. (3.24)
, , -.
(. . 3.3, ). (.
. 3.4), = , 2 kT. .
, 1...2% . ,
, (3.25)
=0 (3.22).
, -, = .
|
|
>0
, (3.26)
.
-, . , (3.11) G >> N, . (3.11)
(3.27)
=0
. (3.28)
, -
- > kT (3.29)
(3.27) (3.20) , (3.20) -.
, , . () (1016...1024 -3) . (3.11) . , , , : , υ, P (. 3.2).
3.2
[15]
, =0 >0 | ||
J, =0 >0 | / | |
, =0 >0 | ≈1010 ≈ 0 |
, . , , .