. , , , . ; ; , . , , : . , , , , ( ), , , 66. , , , , , 67. , -
62 Durkheim, Elementary Forms..., pp. 1112. . . Ibid., pp. 1011. . .
64 Ibid., pp. 148. . .
65 Ibid., p. 440. . .
66 Scheler. Die Wissensformen..., p. 32. . .
67 Ibid., p. 56. . .
, , , , , - , .. , , , 68.
, - , . , , . . , , , . , , . , .
, (Sinnzusammenhang). , , ; , 69. , , , - .. , .
|
|
: , . , , -
68 Ibid., 25; cf. 482-484. - . . Sorokin, Social and Cultural Dynamics, IV, Chap. 1, 1, Chap. 1. . .
. , , ( ) . , , ( ) , . , 70. , , . . . , , 71. , , 53% . ( XVI XVII .) , ( , )72. , , , , , , : , , , XVIXVII . . , : ,
70
,
, ,
:
. ,
, ,
,
(Sorokin, Socioculturat Causality, Space, Time, 95n.).
.
. .
|
|
71 Sorokin, Social and Cultural Dynamics, II, p. 51. . .
72 Ibid., II, p. 30. . .
, . , , , . , .
, , , , , , . , , , , , , .. , , , , . , , , , , . , - ; . , , , , , . , , , . , ", , - , -
Wertbeziehung ( ), , ; - - . . .
, , 74.
. (, ) , 75.
, , , , . - , , , .
|
|
, , . , . , , , 76.
74 , , ,
;
.
. .
.. , . ., ., ,
. . .
,
: Lazarsfeld P.F. and Merton R.K., Studies in Radio and Film
Propaganda. . .
75
. , -
. . .
76 , XIX .,
, - :
...
, , ,
. . , . 1. -"
. . . . . . .: 1960 . 23, . 446. . -
, : , . , . , - , , . , , , ? , , , ? , , , , 77.
, , . , , , , . . , , , , , 78. , , ; . , , 79.
|
|
77 . : Hessen . op. cit; Merton R.K. Science, Technology and Society in 17th Century England (Brugges: Osiris History of Science Monographs, 1938), ch. 710; Bernal J.D., The Social Function ofScience (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1939); CrowtherJ.G., TheSocial Relations of Science (New York: The Macmillan Co., 1941); Barber ., Science and the Social fder (Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1952); De Gre G., Science as a Social Institution (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1955). - . .
Durkheim, Elementary Forms..., pp. 17, 1011, 443. . . Sorokin, Sociocultural Causality, Space, Time passim. . .
, 80.
, , . , , 81. , , 82. , , , : ; ; ..83.
; ; , , , , , 84; , ; -
80 , .: Wirth L., Preface to Mannheim, Ideology
and Utopia, pp. XXV1I1 XXXI; Gittler J.., Possibilities of a sociology of science, Social
Forces, 1940, 18, pp. 350359. . .
81 Vebten ., The Higher Learning in America (New York: Huebsch, 1918). .
.
82 Wilson L., The Academic Man; . : Hartshorne E.Y., The German Universities and
National Socialism (Harvard University Press, 1937). . .
83 Znaniecki F., Social Role of the Man of Knowledge. . .
84
,
, ,
. .: Myrdal G., An American Dilemma,
esp. 11, pp. 10271064. . .
, ; , , , . , , , , , , , 85.
, , . , , , , .
|
|
, , , , 86. 87. :
85 ;
: Michels R.
Intellectuals. Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. . : Mills C.W.,
The Social Role of the Intellectual, Politics, 1, April 1944; Merton R.K., Role of the
Intellectual in Public Policy.
4 1943 . ( IX
); Koestler ., The Intelligentsia, Horizon, 1944,9,pp. 162175.
. .
86 ,
(
: Parsons ., The Structure of Social Action, p. 113;cp.
c: Sandow A., Social factors in the origin of Darwinism, Quarterly Review of Biology, 13,
PP. 316326). . .
87 , ,
, . ,
, ,
, .
, , ,
(Russel ., Philosophy (New
ork: W.W. Norton and Co., 1927, pp. 2930). He -
, , - , , , , 88.
, , , status quo*, ; - , , , , - 89. . , , , , 90.
; , . . : Mueller Freienfels R., Psychologie der Wissenschaft (Leipzig: J.A. Barth, 1936), Chap. 8. , , ..; . , , , . , , , . , . (, ), , ; , , . , (Scheler M., Genius des Krieges (Leipzig: Verlag der Weissenbuecher, 1915). . .
88 Fromm E., Die gesellschaftliche Bedingtheit der psychoanalytischen Therapie,
Zeilschriftfuer sozialforschung, 1935, 4, ss. 365397. . .
* (.). . .
89 Feuer L.S., The economic factor in history, Science and Society, 1940, 4, pp. 174
175. . .
90 Pastore N., The nature nurture controversy: a sociological approach, School and
Society, 1943, 57, pp. 373377. . .
, , , 91. , , , . , , , -. , ; , ; , , 92.
, , . , , , 93, 94.
91 Mills Wright , The professional ideology of social pathologists, American Journal
of Sociology, 1943, 49, pp. 165190. . .
92 Fontaine W.T., Social determination in the writings of negro scholars, American
Journal of Sociology, 1944, 49, pp. 302315. . .
93 Stern B.J., Resistances to the Adoption of Technological Innovations, in National Resources
Committee, Technological Trends and National Policy (Washington: U.S. Government Printing
Office, 1937), pp. 3966; Restraints upon the Utilization of Inventions. The Annals, 200: 1
19, 1938, and further references therein; Hamilton W., Parents and Free Enterprise. TNEC
Monograph, 31, 1941. . .
94 Stern B.J., Social Factors in Medical Progress (New York: Columbia University Press,
1927; Society and Medical Progress. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1941); . :
Shryock R.H., The Development ofmodern Medicine (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Press, 1936); Sigerist H.E., Man and Medicine (New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1932). -
. .