1. , :
Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl = CuCl2 + 2H2O
2. , :
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 + H2O
3. , :
2NaOH + Cr2O3 = 2NaCrO2 + H2O
KOH + Cr(OH)3 = KCrO2 + 2H2O
4. , , , , :
2NaOH + NiCl2 = Ni(OH)2¯ + 2NaCl
2KOH + (NH4)2SO4 = 2NH3 + 2H2O + K2SO4
Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 = BaCO3¯ + 2NaOH
5. , :
2NaOH + 2Al + 6H2O = 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2
6. :
OH - +
OH - +
7. :
t
u(OH)2 CuO + H2O
, , . (. .3.1).
, , , :
Zn(OH)2 Û H2ZnO2
-
1. :
Be(OH)2 + 2HCl = BeCl2 + 2H2O
Be(OH)2 + SO3 = BeSO4 + H2O
2. :
Al(OH)3 + NaOH = NaAlO2 + 2H2O;
H3AlO3
(H3AlO3 HAlO2 + H2O)
2Al(OH)3 + Na2O = 2NaAlO2 + 3H2O
, . ( ) . : (), .
( ):Na2CO3, NiSO4, NH4Cl ..
1. , , , , ; :
Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 = BaSO4¯ + 2HNO3
Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 = BaSO4¯ + 2NaOH
CaCl2 + 2AgNO3 = 2AgCl¯ + Ca(NO3)2
2CH3COONa + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + 2CH3COOH
NiSO4 + 2KOH = Ni(OH)2¯ + K2SO4
NH4NO3 + NaOH = NH3 + H2O + NaNO3
2. . (. 3).
Zn + CuSO4 = ZnSO4 + Cu
( ): NaHCO3, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4 .. . .
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1. :
H2CO3 + NaOH = NaHCO3 + H2O
CO2 + NaOH = NaHCO3
2. :
2H2CO3 + CaO = Ca(HCO3)2 + H2O
3. , :
Na2SO3 + H2SO3 = 2NaHSO3;
Na2SO3 + HCl = NaHSO3 + NaCl
4. , :
NaHCO3 + NaOH = Na2CO3 + H2O
( -) : MgOHCl, AlOHSO4 .. . , , .
1. :
Mg(OH)2 + HCl = MgOHCl¯ + H2O
-
Fe(OH)3 + SO3 = FeOHSO4¯ + H2O
-
(III)
2. :
Fe2(SO4)3 + 2NaOH = 2FeOHSO4 + Na2SO4
3. , ( , ):
MgOHCl + HCl = MgCl2 + H2O
2MgOHCl + H2SO4 = MgCl2 +MgSO4 + 2H2O
, (2). ( ) . ( ), .
:
(. . 20);
(. . 22);
.
:
(. . 20);
;
2.
. , ,
HA Û H + + A -,
,
, [H+] H+;
[A-] -;
[HA] ,
,
MOH Û M + + OH -,
,
, [M+] M+;
[OH - ] -;
[MOH] .
( t = 25)
HCOOH | K = 1,8×10-4 | H3PO4 | K1 = 7,5×10-3 |
CH3COOH | K = 1,8×10-5 | K2 = 6,3×10-8 | |
HCN | K = 7,9×10-10 | K3 = 1,3×10-12 | |
H2CO3 | K1 = 4,4×10-7 | HClO | K = 2,9×10-8 |
K2 = 4,8×10-11 | H3BO3 | K1 = 5,8×10-10 | |
HF | K = 6,6×10-4 | K2 = 1,8×10-13 | |
HNO2 | K = 4,0×10-4 | K3 = 1,6×10-14 | |
H2SO3 | K1 = 1,7×10-2 | H2O | K = 1,8×10-16 |
K2 = 6,3×10-8 | NH3× H2O | K = 1,8×10-5 | |
H2S | K1 = 1,1×10-7 | Al(OH)3 | K3 = 1,4×10-9 |
K2 = 1,0×10-14 | Zn(OH)2 | K1 = 4,4×10-5 | |
H2SiO3 | K1 = 1,3×10-10 | K2 = 1,5×10-9 | |
K2 = 1,6×10-12 | Cd(OH)2 | K2 = 5,0×10-3 | |
Fe(OH)2 | K2 = 1,3×10-4 | Cr(OH)3 | K3 = 1,0×10-10 |
Fe(OH)3 | K2 = 1,8×10-11 | Ag(OH) | K = 1,1×10-4 |
K3 = 1,3×10-12 | Pb(OH)2 | K1 = 9,6×10-4 | |
Cu(OH)2 | K2 = 3,4×10-7 | K2 = 3,0×10-8 | |
Ni(OH)2 | K2 = 2,5×10-5 |
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