(indicative mood) . (imperative mood) . (subjunctive mood) , , , . subjunctive mood . .
1. should, would could ( ) might (, ) (simple perfect) to. Should , would . (simple infinitive) , (present subjunctive), (perfect infinitive) , (past subjunctive):
I would like to become a software developer. | . |
He would take more responsibility. | . |
He might have done it before. | . |
2. , , was/were to:
I was to send him a memo. | . |
was/were to + perfect infinitive perfect infinitive passive, , , :
They were to have met us. | ( ). |
3. , that, , , : suggest, recommend, ask, insist, important, advice, order, demand, propose, it is desirable, it is necessary . . ( should) to:
It is important that he give ( gives) his considerations on this subject. | , . |
demanded that his machine be ( is) carefully examined. | , . |
It is important that they be ( are) allowed to attend. | , . |
Our advice is that the company invest in new equipment. | , . |
4. , , should, would could, might to, past simple, (may possibly happen) (second conditional):
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We would be thankful if you sent us the latest data of your experiment. | , . |
I would help you with translation if I did not have to work tomorrow. | , . |
be; were.
If I were ( was) an electrician, I would know how to reduce the earthing resistance. | -, , . ( ) |
If he were here, he would help the trainees to do the last laboratory work. | , . |
( ) were was. if I were you were.
5. , should, would could, might perfect, past perfect, (unreal, is unlikely to happen) (third conditional):
They could have done it if they had obtained the necessary equipment. | , . ( , ) |
If it were so, one would have expected that this phenomenon would be more frequent. | , , . ( ) |
third conditional second conditional :
If I had bought more shares (but I didnt, in the past), I would be rich, (but Im not, now). | ( ), . |
If I lived in Germany (but I dont, now), I would have got a better interest rate last year, (but I didnt, then). | ( ), . |
6. , if, . should, were had, , ( ). .
Should service be required, or the appliance appears faulty, consult your local Service Agent in the first instance. | , , . |
, :
were it not for (if it were not for) had it not been for (if it had not been for) |
7. , as if ( ) as though ( ) , past simple past perfect:
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In this case the beam acts as if it were subjected to a very great loading. | , . |
It looks as though I had made a serious mistake. | , . ( ) |
8. wish:
I wish that I were leaving on vacation today. | , . ( ) |
I wish I had taken my camera. | , . ( , ) |
9. would . :
About 50 years ago pilots would fly only in good weather. | () . |