( generic) 20, 20 Altera, Virtex VirtexE Xilinx, Ultra39K Cypress Semiconductor, QL QuickLogic, ProASIC500K Actel, PSD WSI .
20/ 2,5 , Multicore. , . FPGA CPLD, , 20/, , . 20/, SOPC, ( ), 26 264 54 540 . 162 2,4 . 2000 . Altera -, 20/ 10 100 160 . 1 . 5 .
20/ ESB (Embedded System Blocks) no 2 , 26 264 . 128 16, 256 8, 512 4, 1024x2, 2048 1 . ESB SRAM, FIFO, , (Content Addressable Memory). , .
20/ (. 7.27) : 1) LUT, FLEX10K FLEX6000; 2) SOP (Sum Of Products) , 7000; 3) FLEX10KE.
Multicore , MegaLAB. MegaLAB 16 LABs, , , 10 LE, ESB. MegaLAB . MegaLAB / FastTrack, .
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/ (lOEs) : LVTTL; LVCMOS; 1.8-VI/O; 2,5-VI/O; 3,3-VI/O;3,3-VPCI; 3.3AGP; LVDS; GTL+; ; SSTL-3 l,ll; STTL-2 1,11.
, , , . PLL (Phase Locked Loop). 20/
ClockLock, ClockBoost ClockShift. , , . PLL.
/ ( ). / (FastTracks), . (), , . JTAG , , , . -, . . .
APEX 2,5 ( 20) 1,8 ( 20). , , 1,8; 2,5 3,3 .
Virtex VirtexE Xilinx - FPGA (SRAM-based), . Virtex 2,5 1998 .,-
VirtexE 1,8 - . , 200 . : 0,22 , - .
. 7.28. Virtex VirtexE
180 804. , 90 . / 15 . PCI, 33 66 .
Virtex VirtexE . 7.28. - , (CLB, Configurable Logic Blocks) (GRM, Globsl Routing Matrix). c VersaBlock. , , VersaBlock , , (.7.29). , VersaBlock :
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1) ;
2) , ;
3) , - , .
Virtex VirtexE , Xilinx, , , , VersaRing, . . .
/ (lOBs), - DDL (Digital Delay Loops), PLL 20/ .
/ , , (. 7.30). , , ( , ). , , .
, . , . , , .
/ PCI 66 .
/ Virtex VirtexE , : LVTL; LVCMOS2; PCI3.3V; PCI5.0V; GTL; GTL+; HSTL 1,11,111; SSTL31,11; SSTL21,11; ; AGP. , , : VCCO VREF. VREF. VCCO. /, . , . , VCCO VREF. VREF . Virtex VirtexE ( ).
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Virtex VirtexE (. 7.31) (LCs, Logic Cells). LUT, () D. (Slice 1 Slice 2), . G1-G4 F1-F4 - Y X, LUT. D. , 8 - 1.
SRAM 16´2 32 ´ 1 SRAM 16x1 16- .
. . .
D . ( BY, BX). Clock Clock Enable .
, .
(General Purpose Routing). . .
, .
24 .
96 . ( ). , .
12 , , , ( ) .
VersaRing, , . , , - . .
Virtex VirtexE , IEEE 1149.1 JTAG.
7.7.3. Ż
( ), . , . 7.7.1. , .
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, , FPGA - FPSLIC (Field Programmable System Level Integration Chips) Atmel, - , . FPSLIC, 2000 ., Atmel AVR FPGA 40. FPSLI AVR, FPGA 40 SRAM. . , (, / , - , . .). FPSLIC FPGA , .
. 7.32 FPSLIC. 3,3 , 0,35 ,
AVR - 8- 30 MIPS ( 40 ) RISC-, , 120 . AVR , SRAM, , MPL . ,
(). AVR , 32 .
AVR , : (UARTs), 8- 16- -, /. I2 EEPROM, FPSLIC.
36 - 15 ( 10 ´ 16) ( 4 ´ 8) , , , . (Memory Controller).
FPGA 40, 100 , 10 40 2048 18 432 . FPGA, (. 7.33). - , , D, (LUT). ( ) . (), :
( );
( DSP/Multiplier);
;
( Tristate/MUX).
, , , , , , . FPGA (UARTs, PCI .).
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(Direct Connects), . , , .
FPGA . AVR, , , AVR ( .).
40 , FreeRam. 10 . FreeRAM FPGA FPGA. FreeRAM: , - RAM, FIFO . .
FPGA -. , , . , - - . (Repeaters), . . - (Pass gates), .
FPGA AVR FPGA 16 AVR, 16 AVR. , , FPGA / AVR, .
, AVR , FPGA . , Express Lines FPGA. , , FPGA, , .
, FPGA, , . , FPGA AT40K, , .
AVR FPGA , SRAM 15 (. 7.34). FPGA AVR 36 , , , . , FPGA, , . FPGA SRAM AVR. FPGA AVR ( FIFO, LIFO .).
SRAM, FPGA, , . . FPGA . FPGA AVR ( FPGA).
FPLIC - - (Cache Logic), Atmel. - . - , . , . , , FPGA, , . . , .
, , , , , . . , , . , , , , . 10 000 , - 2000 , 8000 , , . . .
(predermined) -. , (EPROM, EEPROM, , CD-ROM). , (Bit streams) . - ( ). .
- , . - , .
- , , , ( ), . - : , ( , ).
FPSLIC FPGA AVR, FPGA, SRAM-. . AVR . AVR - UART FPGA, , FPGA .
, FPSLIC, , , (, WSI). - , , FPSLIC [ Triscend (Triscend E5, Configurable System-on-Chip) Altera ].
7.8. /
/ , . . , . (EPROM, EEPROM, Flash) . (. . ), , -, , , JTAG. Unp ( 7000 9000 Altera, , 12 5 ). , .
/ - , , / ( , , . .). , , . , , .
/ () , , () , . , , , . .
/ (, FPGA ´C4000 ilinx , Virtex , Spartan -). . SOC Virtex.
, , . 2, 1, , , , PROGRAM, DONE TDI, TDO, TMS, . , , , .
:
(Slave-serial mode);
(Master-serial mode);
- (SelectMAP mode);
.
PROM . , DIN. . DOUT , .
, DIN . . DOUT , . . 2,5 . - 60 . , , PROM . 2,5 . ( ConfigRate ), 2,5 .
- . - , BUSY. , , CS WRITE. . WRITE , ( Readback). SelectMAP , , , WRITE BUSY. , CS.
(Test Access Port) JTAG. CFG_IN, TDI .
Virtex : , , .
, PROGRAM, . INIT, - DONE.
.
- , . , (Upgade) . , , , . , .
, . .