, . , , , , . - .
. 20 . , : . 6-7 . , , . . 75-150 . , . , . , , , , .
, . - 1010, . , . 100-150 (2.2 ). , . . , , () , . " ".
. 22.2, 0 1 0.5, - 0.2. . 22.2, 0.5, - 0.8. , , . : , , . , , () . .
, , . , λ.
:
;
, λ;
|
|
: , .
() ( , [], [ ]), .
, , , . , . , . , .
, . , , . , , - . , , , . .
, , . .
, , , . , . .
: :
I = Il * kd * cosθ,
I - ,
Il - ,
kd - (0 <= kd <= 1); kd , (0 - , 1 - ), θ - (. . 23.1), 0 <= θ <= π/2; θ > π/2, .
, , . , , , , . , :
I = Il * kd * cosθ * coscβ,
Β - , (. . 23.2),
- : , .
.
, , . . , - , :
|
|
I = Ia * ka + Il * kd * cosθ,
Ia - ,
ka - (0 <= ka <= 1).
, , . , . , , , , , , .
, , . r . , 1/r2 , , , .
, . :
I = Ia * ka + (Il * kd * cosθ * cosc β)/(r + const),
r , ( ),
onst - .
, , r , . , , - . : (R), (G) (B):
IR = Ia * ka + (Il * kd * cosθ * coscβ)/(r + const) | |
IG = Ia * ka + (Il * kd * cosθ * coscβ)/(r + const) | |
IB = Ia * ka + (Il * kd * cosθ * coscβ)/(r + const) |
α, L . . . () , . , S R. , , , . , - .
- , . :
Is = Il * w(i, λ) * cosnα,
Is - , ,
Il - ,
w(i, λ) - , i λ,
α - ,
n - , .
. - , , . , ( ), . , , . . 24.2: cosnα -π/2 <= α <= π/2 n. . n , - , .
|
|
w , , , . . 4%, - 80%. . 24.3, , , - . , (θ = 90o) 100%, .
, :
I = Iaka + (Il/(d + K)) * (kd * cosθ + w(i, λ) * cosnα).
w(i, λ) , ks, , . :
I = Iaka + (Il/(d + K)) * (kd * cosθ + ks * cosnα).
. , . ks , . , . :
I = Iaka + Σ (Ili/(d + K)) * (kd * cosθi + ks * cosniαi),
i 1 m.
, :
cosθ = (n * L)/(|n| * |L|) = n' * L',
n' L' - . :
cosα = (R * S)/(|R| * |S|) = R' * S',
R' S' - , . , :
I = Iaka + (Il/(d + K)) * (kd * (n' * L') + ks * (R' * S')n).
, L , :
n = j
L = -i + 2j k
S = i + 1.5j + 0.5k.
, d = 0, = 1 10 , , Ia = 1, Il = 10. , . ks= 0.8, ka = ks = 0.15 n = 5. , ks + kd = 0.95, 5% .