, . - N , . 3D - .
1D: ( ).
2D: ( ).
3D: ( ).
: n, , n + 2 , , , n + 1 .
:
+ = + 2 + - = 2, - , - , - .
:
N0 - N1 + N2 - N3 +... + Ni = 1 - (-1)n,
N0 - (),
N1 - (),
N2 - (),
Ni - i- ( ),
N - .
, : = 6, = 8, = 12, 6 + 8 = 12 + 2; : = 4, = 4, = 6, 4 + 4 = 6 + 2.
, , N3 (n = 4). : N0 - N1 + N2 - N3 = 1 - (-1)4 = 0, N3 = N0 - N1 + N2. N0 = 16, N1 = 32, N2 = 24, , N3 = 16 - 32 + 24 = 8.
"" topos - "". - , , , , (, ). , , , , , , ( ). , , ( - ), .
: + = + 2 ( - , - , - ). , , , . h + 1. , :
+ - = 3 - h,
- ,
- ,
- ,
H - .
, , , , , , . : , - .
|
|
, , . : h = p + 1, - . , , h = 2 + 1 = 3.
.
h s x k | ||
- | h = 3 s = 2 x = 7 k = 0 | |
h = 1 s = 2 x = 4 k = 1 | ||
h = 2 s = 1 x = 6 k = 1 | ||
( 4D) | h = 3 s = 1 k = 0 | |
h = 1 s = 2 x = 4 k = 0 |