() , .
, , (credit event).
, :
;
, ;
, , , , , , ;
, ;
;
. .
, , (protection buyer). , , (protection seller). , . , , , , .
. , , .
, ( , ). (reference asset). . .
. .
. (physical settlement). .
(cash settlement). , (recovery value).
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, . , 1000 . 300 . 700 . , 300 . , .
(calculation agent). . , . , . .
. (verification agent).
. , (materiality). , . , , . . , , .
, , , . , , . (reference entity). , , A, . .
, . , (credit event notice). , . . (notice of publicly available information), . , , -, , - , . . .
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: (single-name) (multi-name).
. , .
(credit default swap), (total return swap), (credit spread option).
(basket default swap), (portfolio credit default swap).
, . Ÿ . . . . . .
, . , .
(credit default swap − CDS). CDS , , (collateralized debt obligation −CDO) (credit linked note − CLN).
, . . (swap premium) (CDS spread), (CDS rate). , , , .
, . CDS ( ). , . , , .
.1. ( )
A B 100 . . . . B . A , B . A C .
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100 . ., B, . .
A C , , A 100 . . C 180 :
(8.52)
. , A C .
A C 180 . 91 . , , A C :
, , A .
, B . A C . .
, A CDS B, 100 . .
2. ( CDS ).
B . , A , B , . B. , . CDS.
A C 100 . . , A . B .
B . A B , C CDS. A 100 . .
A , B , CDS . C A , 100 . . .
, CDS .
:
CDS (single-name credit default swap);
CDS (multi-name credit default swap).
. CDS .
(basket default swap) N- (Nth-to-default basket swap) (subordinate basket default swap). .
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N- N- . . , (first-to-default basket swap) , . (second-to-default basket swap) .. . , .
N- , . , .
. , . . , , .
3.
A B, A . . 50 . ., 100 . .
, . 40 . . B A. . 70 . . , 50 . . B A 50 . . . 30 . . 100 . . B 90 . . A 10 . . .
() , , . , 10%, , 10% . . , .
. . , 10% , 20%, 30% .
, , . , , , , . . , . .
(total return swap −TRS) . () . , , . , , . .
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|
.
, , . , . , , .
, . LIBOR . .
. . . , . , . , .
, , , .
, , , .
. , ( ). , , . , .
.
1. ( )
A B 1 . . 6 , 10% . .
. A , . , . , . , , A C. 1 . ., 2 , . B.
10%, 1 . . A C , . C A LIBOR 260 . . LIBOR 6,4%.
. LIBOR 6,65%. 10% 1 . ., 100000 . C LIBOR, , 2,6%, 6,4+2,6=9%.
1 . .
. A C:
100000−90000=10000 .
. A 100000 . C LIBOR, , 2,6%, 6,65%+2,6%=9,25%.
1 . . :
. 10,5%, 987674 . , C A. C :
12326+92500-100000=4826 .
A ( ) C. 1 B , C A 1 . . .
. , . , , . .
2.
B 5 , 1000 ., 10%, , , LIBOR 6,4%. A , B . C 10 . ., . B.
. LIBOR 7,4%. 10% 10 . ., 1 . . C LIBOR +2,6%, 6,4+2,6=9%
10 . . :
A C:
. A 1 . . C LIBOR +2,6%, 7,4%+2,6%=10%
10 . . :
. 11,5% 9636607 . , C A. C :
363393+1000000-1000000=363393 .
:
363393-100000=263393 .
A . , , - , .
C . , C B. . . C . A LIBOR +. , .
C , .
.
(credit linked note − CLN) , , . CLN , . . CLN . CLN .
CLN , . CLN , . , CLN .
CLN, , , .
CLN , CLN, CLN , . , CLN , CLN .
1.
A . , CLN, . CLN 10%. , CLN . , CLN. , CLN , , 20% , CLN 70% .
CLN, , . , , CLN , . CLN, , .
, CLN, . CLN , , , . .
2.
B . A , CLN B C 100 . . C 100 . . . CLN. , C . C CDS D, B. C A CLN , . . 17.
100 . . | ||||
A | 100 . . | C | ||
CLN | CDS | D |
. 17. CLN CDS
B C , CDS. CLN, C A B.
, A C CLN . C , CDS , CLN A.
, (CDO)
, (collateralized debt obligation − CDO) , . , (CDO), , . , , , , , , . CDO. , CDO CBO (collateralized bond obligation) , , , CLO (collateralized loan obligation) , , , CMO (collateralized mortgage obligation) , .
, CDO , , .
CDO.
1.
A . , . , . CDO.
. CDO , special purpose vehicle (SPV). (). Ÿ , SPV . CDO. , CDO. , SPV. . CDO , .
CDO . CDO . CDO SPV. CDO . CDO , CDO . CDO . 18.
SPV CDO | CDO | CDO | ||
SPV |
. 18. CDO
, CDO . CDO , .
CDO , . CDO.
CDO, . . (SPV) CDO, . AA, BBB, B. LIBOR+1,5%, LIBOR+3,5%, LIBOR+7%.
. . . CDO , . - , , LIBOR+7%. B. , LIBOR+3,5%. CDO LIBOR+1,5%. CDO. .
2.
1 SPV CDO 100 . . CDO AA 50% , BBB 30% B 20%. , , 10% CDO. AA BBB . B . , .
, CDO , CDO . CDO . , CDO . . , CDO . .
CDO CDO, , , , .
CDO . CDO . (equity tranche). , .
. , , , . , , . , . - CDO . , , - .
CDO
CDO , , , CDS, CLN TRS. CDO :
.
A CDO . , . CDO CDS . CDO .
SPV . , SPV . CDS SPV . SPV .
SPV CDO CDS . , SPV CDS, CDO. SPV CDO. . SPV , CDO. CDO . 19.
CDS SPV | CDS | SPV CDS CDO, | CDO CDO | |
. 19. CDO