12
( ) , , :
.
, , :
, /..
, /.
= /,
.
.
. : V .
dV = 0. δ = .dV = 0
.
,
.
, , ,
a
.
(p = const), , (dV/dT) = ν. R,
( ).
, γ .
.
ν : .
, . :
,
,
,
.
, V :
, V ( p.V = ν. R.T ):
.
, V (V = const)
, , V
,
, , , .
, (V = const, ), ( = const, = 0), (V = const, = 1) ( = γ) .
:
.
, V:
.
:
.
, :
.
.
, :
.
, = γ, = 0 . = 1 , .