. . . . . . . . . . , , . .
1.1
- | ||
M | ||
n (x) | ||
/ / | M(x) | |
Mr(x) | ||
Ar(x) | ||
(x) | ||
f(x) | ||
/ / | M (x) | |
n(x) | ||
3 | V(x) |
, , 12 -12.
n. x n(x).
, , , , . .
- - , ,1/5 .
, 12 -12 6,022 ×1023 . . , 1 , , - , :
1 Mg =6,022×1023 ,
1 Mg2+ =6,022×1023 ,
1 KnO4 = 6,022×1023 .
.
- , , .
:
: , , , .
- , : . , .
:
O + 2 = 3
56 44 100
100
|
|
Cu(OH)2 = CuO + 2
98 80 18
98
- :