I | Na+, K+, NH4+ | ||
II | Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+ | 2 HCl | |
III | Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+ | 2 H2SO4 | |
IV | Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Sn4+, As3+, As 5+ | NaOH | |
V | Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Bi3+, Sb3+, Sb5+ | 2 NaOH | |
VI | Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ | 2 NH4OH , |
() , . . , ( MgCl2 NH4Cl) PO43 AsO43. , .
, . . , . . 11.1.2.
11.1.2
K[Sb(OH)6] | Na+ | ||
K2[HgJ4] + KOH | N4+ | - | |
2r4 | Ag+ | - | |
KJ | Pb2+ | Ƹ | |
2r27 | 2+ | ||
1462()2 | l3+ | - | |
(II) | K4[Fe(CN)6] | Fe3+ | Ҹ- |
u2+ | - | ||
NS | Fe3+ | - | |
(III) | K3[Fe(CN)6] | Fe2+ | Ҹ- |
. (pH , , . .) , . , S2 , CN S2 Cd2+ Zn2+. CN , .
. , , , .
.
|
|
, - , .
( -).
() () .
, .
, ( ).
, -, , , , .
, ( ), ( ).
, , , , ( ):
Ag+ + 1 e Ag0.
. , (, , ).
. .
(n 1 = n 2).
, | (3) |
, V , ,
. | (4) |
, (, 2), .
M, :
. | (5) |
, , (. .), ( ) , . .
- - . (. . .) .
, . . , - .
, , , : - ( ); ( ); ( ); - ( ).
|
|
-
++ ⇄ 2,
- .
, . , . . ( ) - , ; . . . ( ) -.
.
(, , ) .
- , .
/3. , , , . , :
(3)2 = 3↓ + 2 + 2,
Mg(3)2 = Mg()2↓ + 22,
. .
.
- :
+ + ⇄ 2 + 2.
-. (4.4.2.2):
3 V 1 = l V 2,
V 1 V 2 ; l l , .