, 
( - ), .
. nH2n + 1COOH. , , - .
()
3 ()
32 ()
322 ()
.
: 
: 
C - H -.
C = O O - H -.
. . ó , .
Գ . , .
, ( 16,6 , 118,1 , 1,049 /3), ( ).
ճ . , :
1) . ó + 3-
3 ↔ 3- + +
-
+ , : , , . , , , . , .
2) . 䳺 , :
2 CH3COOH + Ca → (CH3COO)2Ca + H2 ↑
2 CH3COOH + Ca → 2CH3COO- + Ca 2+ + H2 ↑
3) :
2 CH3COOH + FeO → (CH3COO)2Fe + H2O
()
2 CH3COOH + FeO → 2CH3COO- + Fe 2+ + H2O
4) :
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
CH3COOH + Na+ + OH- → CH3COO- + Na+ + H2O
CH3COOH + OH- → CH3COO- + H2O
3 CH3COOH + Fe(OH)3 → (CH3COO)3Fe + 3 H2O
()
3 CH3COOH + Fe(OH)3 → 3 CH3COO- + Fe3+ + 3 H2O
|
|
|
5) :
2 CH3COOH + Na23 → 2 CH3COONa + H2O + 2 ↑
2 CH3COOH + 2Na+ + 32- → 2 CH3COO- + 2Na+ + H2O + 2 ↑
2 CH3COOH + 32- → 2 CH3COO- + H2O + 2 ↑
6) ( ): ( ):
+ 2
( )
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ( .).
, .
1531 ()
1735 ()
, .
. , .
, , :
C17H35COOH + NaOH → C17H35COONa + H2O
. , , , , .
1733.
3 (2)7 = (2)7
, . , :
1733 + → 1733 + 2
, . , , :
3 (2)7 = (2)7 + Br2 →
→ 3 (2)7 - (2)7
| |
Br Br
:
1733 + 2 → 1735
1731 1729 .
.
. .
, R 1, R 2, R 3:
CH2OCO R 1
|
CHOCO R 2
|
CH2OCO R 3.
: C15H31COOH, C17H35COOH, C17H33COOH.
CH2OCO 1735
| ,
CHOCO 1735
|
CH2OCO 1735
:
1) (볿);
2) ;
3) .
:
1) ( );
2) ( ).
. :
|
|
|
CH2OCO 1733
| : --
CHOCO 1731
|
CH2OCO 37
CH2OCO 1733
| : --
CHOCO 1731
|
CH2OCO 1735
: 61,5% .
, 볿: 30 50% , .
:
CH2O CH2 O CO C17H35
| |
CHO + 3 1735 → CH O CO C17H35 + 3 H2O
| |
CH2O CH2 O CO C17H35
ճ
1) ó 䳺 . (, , ).
) : :
CH2 O CO C17H35 CH2 OH
| |
CH O CO C17H35 + 3 H2O → CH OH + 3 C17H35COOH
| |
CH2 O CO C17H35 CH2 OH
) : :
CH2 O CO C17H35 CH2 OH
| |
CH O CO C17H35 + 3 NaOH → CH OH + 3 C17H35COONa
| |
CH2 O CO C17H35 CH2 OH
. (1735OONa, C15H31COONa) , 볺 ((1735OO, C15H31COO) .
2) ó . , ( ) () . . :
CH2 O CO C17H33 2 1735
| |
CH O CO C17H33 + 3 2 → CH - 1735
| |
CH2 O CO C17H33 CH2 O 1735
. , .
. . 㳿. 1 39 㳿. , , , , , , . 60 70 . , , , . , . . , . 㳿 , . . , . . : , . ϳ . . , . ³, .
A, D, E.
.
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
7) ;
8) .
.
, , , , .
: Cn(H2O)m.
|
|
|
: 6126 ↔ 6(2)6
: 122211 ↔ 12(2)11
, , .
80% . 20%. 70% .
:
6 2 + 6 2 → 6126 + 6 2
12 2 + 11 2 → 122211 + 12 2
6n CO2 + 5n H2O → (C6H10O5)n + 6nO2
. .
________________________________|_________________________________
↓ ↓ ↓
, (, ).
6126 + 2 
, :
122211 + 2 → 6126 + 6126
, :
(6105)n + nH2O → n C6H12O6
- 6126.
=
. :
, .
Գ . - , . 150º. .
1802 . . , . , . . , , , , , , . , . ̳ ( 0,1%).
ճ .
1) :
6126 + 6 2 → 6 2 + 6 2
, .
2) () .
Cu(OH)2 - .
3) 䳺 ().
䳺 :
䳺 :
.
1) ;
2) ;
3) , , ;
4) ();
5) .
Գ . . C12H22O11.
, ( ), . 190200 , .
, , , . ( 14 -16%), (16 21%) , , , .
|
|
|
ճ . . . , :
122211 + 2 → 6126 + 6126
.
